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The Heart

The Heart. Ch. 20. Circulation. Pulmonary Eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood Involves lungs Systemic Delivers blood to body cells and carries waste away Involves the body. Heart. About the size of your fist Rests on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity

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The Heart

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  1. The Heart Ch. 20

  2. Circulation • Pulmonary • Eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood • Involves lungs • Systemic • Delivers blood to body cells and carries waste away • Involves the body

  3. Heart • About the size of your fist • Rests on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity • Surrounded by pericardium (protects) • Lies in the mediastinum, 2/3 is to the left of the midline

  4. Pericardium • Surrounds heart

  5. Pericardium • 3 layers • Epicardium – external layer • Thin, transparent layer; makes heart smooth and slippery • Myocardium – middle layer • Cardiac muscle, makes up bulk of heart • Responsible for pumping action • Endocardium – inner layer • Thin tissue, covers valves

  6. Chambers of the Heart • Atria – superior chambers (receive blood from veins) • Ventricles – inferior chambers (pump blood out of arteries) • Septum – separates right and left sides • Auricle – wrinkled, pouch-like structure on each atrium • Increases volume of blood each atrium can hold • Sulci – grooves on surface of heart; contain blood vessels and fat • Separates two chambers • Coronary sulcus – divides atria from ventricles • Anterior/posterior interventricularsulcus – divides ventricles

  7. Heart • Double pump &double circuit

  8. Heart Valves • Valves – allow one way flow of blood • 4 total valves • 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves • Left AV valve (bicuspid or mitral valve) – between LA and LV • Right AV valve (tricuspid valve) – between RA and RV • 2 semilunar valves • Aortic semilunar (aortic valve) – between LV and aorta • Pulmonary semilunar (pulmonary) – between RV and pulmonary artery

  9. Heart Valves

  10. Path of Blood Flow • From the body into heart through vena cava • Into RA • Into RV • Out to lungs through pulmonary arteries • Into heart from lungs through pulmonary veins • Into LA • Into LV • Out to body through aorta

  11. Path of Blood Flow

  12. Path of Blood Flow

  13. Name the Valves

  14. Heart Actions • Cardiac Cycle – one complete heart beat • Contraction of heart chamber – systole • Relaxation of heart chamber – diastole

  15. Contraction Cycle

  16. Valve Control • Cusps (flaps) of bicuspid and tricuspid valves are anchored to walls of ventricles by “cords” (heart strings) – chordaetendineae • This prevents valves from being pushed up into the atria during ventricular systole

  17. Heart Sounds • Lub-dup – opening and closing of the valves • Sound byte http://www.ilovewavs.com/Effects/People/Sound%20Effect%20-%20Heart%20Beat%2001.wav

  18. Cardiac Conduction • SA node • Right and left bundle branches • AV node • AV bundle • Perkinje fibers

  19. Cardiac Conduction

  20. Name the Parts

  21. Review • What are the two circulatory systems? What do they do? • Where is the heart located? • What is the pericardium? What three layers does it contain? • Describe the main structures of the heart. • Describe the valves of the heart. • What is the cardiac cycle? • What are the heart strings? What do they do? • Describe cardiac conduction.

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