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Datacenter Energy Efficiency Research: An Update Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bill Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov J

Datacenter Energy Efficiency Research: An Update Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bill Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov July 29, 2004. Data center energy efficiency research and deployment sponsors. California Energy Commission Pacific Gas and Electric Co.

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Datacenter Energy Efficiency Research: An Update Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bill Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov J

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  1. Datacenter Energy Efficiency Research: An Update Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Bill Tschudi wftschudi@lbl.gov July 29, 2004

  2. Data center energy efficiency research and deployment sponsors • California Energy Commission • Pacific Gas and Electric Co. • New York State Energy Research and Development Authority • DOE Federal Energy Management Program

  3. Today’s outline • Overview of past and present research • Energy benchmarking and best practices • Power supplies in IT equipment • Efficient UPS systems • Demonstrations • Q & A

  4. OVERVIEW Completed activities • Data center case studies and benchmarking • Research roadmap for CA • CA market assessment

  5. OVERVIEW Prior work in New York • Case studies/energy benchmarking • Workshops

  6. OVERVIEW Related prior activities • Jon Koomey study of impact of the Internet • Jennifer Jackson-Mitchell thesis/case study • Case studies/energy benchmarking • Studies of standby losses and power supplies

  7. OVERVIEW Current activities • Benchmarking and best practices identification • Self-benchmarking protocol • Investigate uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) • Investigate power supplies in IT equipment • Collaborate on building interface developments

  8. OVERVIEW Related activities • NYSERDA sponsored project • Air management – modeling and demonstration with SUNY, GA TECH, and IBM • CEETherm • University of Maryland/Georgia Tech

  9. Benchmarking Energy benchmarking • 6-10 data centers – (still seeking sites) • Self-benchmarking protocol • Review all benchmark results to determine better performing systems Best Practices • Add benchmarks for standby generation • Investigate other performance metrics

  10. Energy end use in data centers HVAC system local distribution lines lights, office space, etc. uninterruptible load to the building, 480 V computer equipment UPS PDU computer racks backup diesel generators UPS = Uninterruptible Power Supply PDU = Power Distribution Unit;

  11. “In God we trust – all others bring data” Quote: Lee Eng-Lock

  12. Benchmarking Power consumption in data centers

  13. Benchmarking Benchmarks of IT equipment load density

  14. Benchmarking Projections if fully loaded

  15. Distribution of computer room power reported to uptime institute Benchmarking

  16. Benchmarking HVAC effectiveness

  17. Benchmarking Benchmarks of chillers 7.5 average

  18. Benchmarking UPS efficiency

  19. 5V Internal Drive PWM/PFC Switcher Unregulated DC To Multi Output Regulated DC Voltages Bypass 12V External Drive 3.3V I/O 12V 1.5/2.5V In Out DC/DC Memory Controller AC/DC 1.1V-1.85V 12V DC/DC m Processor Battery/Charger Rectifier Inverter 3.3V SDRAM 3.3V Graphics Controller Voltage Regulator Modules AC/DC Multi output PS How many times are we converting electricity? Typical existing data center configuration

  20. UPS Systems Investigating efficiency opportunity for UPS systems • Measure performance of various systems at several load factors • Investigate effects of different redundancy configurations • Develop energy efficiency spec for UPS systems • Scoping study for data center DC architecture

  21. UPS Systems Status of UPS investigation • Protocols developed for field or shop measurement. • Mfgs specifications reviewed for efficiency versus load for static and inertial UPS topology. • Calculation tools developed: • For comparing AC versus DC powering at rack level • For evaluating cost savings due to higher efficiency UPS. • Completed testing of UPS to show impact of “high efficiency” option on static UPS • Coordinating with International labeling effort for power quality & efficiency

  22. Measured efficiency vs. load UPS Systems Sample of 12 field measurements, including ten from LBNL roadmap activity

  23. UPS Systems Potential savings Preliminary macro and rack level energy savings estimate for improving UPS efficiency.

  24. Delta conversion UPS efficiency manufacturers data Delta Conversion Double Conversion Courtesy: American Power Conversion (APC)

  25. 600kW 600kW 300kW 300kW 300kW Design Load = 600kW UPS configuration and impact on loading If actual load is 50% of design load, each UPS is loaded 33% If actual load is 50% of design load, each UPS is loaded 25% Design Load = 600kW Operational/installation/space considerations also have a role in designing the UPS configuration.

  26. Energy Efficient Power Supplies • Investigating power supplies commonly • used in IT equipment • Document efficiency of existing power supplies • Measure performance to determine real life efficiency • Recommend efficiency performance thresholds • Work with Server System Infrastructure (SSI) group to advance better performance

  27. Electricity use in a server Energy Efficient Power Supplies Based on a typical dual processor 450W 2U Server; Approximately 160W out of 450W (35%) are losses in the power conversion process (Source: Brian Griffith: INTEL)

  28. Recommending more efficient power supplies Energy Efficient Power Supplies The Server System Infrastructure (SSI) Initiative’s goal is to deliver a set of specifications covering two primary server elements: power supplies and electronics bays. Members of SSI are Intel, Dell, HP, Silicon Graphics, IBM. Existing Efficiency Recommendation in SSI PS Design Guides

  29. Energy Efficient Power Supplies Full Load Efficiency > 68% Redundant System of Power Supplies for Servers

  30. Testing power supplies

  31. Energy Efficient Power Supplies Real life efficiency Based on EPRI PEAC Testing of a 20kVA, 3-Ph Double Conversion UPS

  32. Importance of a flat power supply efficiency curve Energy Efficient Power Supplies

  33. Energy Efficient Power Supplies Power supply redundancy 1200 W 4+1 (N+1) Redundant Power Supply System At 50% design load each supply is loaded 40% Redundant Power Supply (300W + 300W) At 50% Design Load each supply is loaded 25% Power supply system redundancy can be accomplished without using “redundant power supplies”.

  34. A GHz processor is using MHz resource most of the time 80% of the time the processor usage was less than 4% of its peak capability Courtesy: American Power Conversion (APC)

  35. Looking for production metrics Very Low Processor Activity does not relate to very low power consumption Most of the time the GHz processor is doing activities that can be done by a MHz processor but the input power consumption does not change much

  36. Demonstration projects CA public utilities’ emerging technology program and the CA Energy Commission are planning demonstration projects. Possibilities: • Air management • Air flow visualization • Alternative cooling strategies • UPS upgrades and reconfigurations • Rack level DC distribution • On site power generation • Ideas?

  37. Technology Transfer LBNL data center websites • http://hightech.lbl.gov/ • http://Datacenters.lbl.gov

  38. Thank you Questions?

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