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Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere . water water everywhere. The water cycle. Evaporation . Water turns from a liquid to a gas Water moves as vapor into the atmosphere. Transpiration. water vapor enters the atmosphere from plants Water comes up through the xylem and out through the stoma of leaves. Sublimation .

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Hydrosphere

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  1. Hydrosphere • water water everywhere

  2. The water cycle

  3. Evaporation • Water turns from a liquid to a gas • Water moves as vapor into the atmosphere

  4. Transpiration • water vapor enters the atmosphere from plants • Water comes up through the xylem and out through the stoma of leaves

  5. Sublimation • Water turns directly from a solid to a gas • Freeze drying • Can happen when snow seems to disappear without melting

  6. Condensation • water turns from a gas to a liquid • cloud formation • dew

  7. Transportation • movement of water around the planet • surface water (runoff) • underground • in the atmosphere as vapor • moves in plants (transpiration)

  8. precipitation • water falls from the atmosphere • rain, snow, sleet, hail, mist, and fog

  9. deposition • water changes directly from vapor to solid without a liquid phase • high altitudes • rare

  10. percolation / infiltration • water filtered through porous materials such as bedrock and soil • water moves into groundwater

  11. flow • collection of moving water • snowmelt • rainwater • groundwater • all water flows downhill

  12. Plant uptake • Plants take groundwater up through the roots • first part of transpiration

  13. River Basins • all the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks flowing downhill into one river • sends water out to the sea

  14. NC river basins • 17 designated river basins in NC • 5 western basins drain to Gulf of Mexico • Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, Watauga, French Broad, and New • 12 flow to the Atlantic • 4 contained in NC alone • Cape Fear, Neuse, White Oak, and Tar - Pamlico

  15. NC River Basins

  16. Watersheds

  17. Aquifers • underground layer of saturated rock in which water can easily move • used as wells

  18. water table • level below where the ground is completely saturated • varies with seasons • changes with time • varies with location

  19. groundwater and flooding • groundwater close to the surface can cause chronic problems • localized high water tables can cause basement flooding in one house and the house next door can be dry • When the water table is full, water can not percolate into the ground

  20. Ocean Currents Thermohaline circulation

  21. Surface currents • Develop from friction between ocean currents and wind • Short, affect small areas • Result of local or seasonal influence

  22. Gyres • Circular moving current systems • 5 main • North Pacific, South Pacific, North Atlantic Gyre, South Atlantic, and Indian Ocean gyre

  23. Coriolis Effect coriolis effect coriolis effect explained! • Deflection of currents away from their original source due to Earth’s rotation • Right in the Northern Hemisphere, Left in the Southern Hemisphere

  24. Currents on Climate • Heat is transferred from water • Currents from low latitude regions bring heat in the water to higher latitudes

  25. Upwelling Upwelling demo Upwelling importance • Rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water • Wind induced • Occurs when winds blow from equator parallel to the coast • Brings up greater concentrations of nutrients

  26. Density currents • Vertical currents of ocean water resulting from density differences • INCREASE in density could result from: • Higher salt concentration • Lower temperature

  27. High latitudes • Water involved with deep-ocean density currents begins in high latitudes • Once it sinks its temperature and density remain mostly unchanged

  28. evaporation thermohaline circulation • Increased salinity due to evaporation can cause density currents • Happens in the Mediterranean Sea

  29. Resources • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=evaporation&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1436&bih=764&tbm=isch&tbnid=2L3f8aH_DVeq5M:&imgrefurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/Content_1.html&docid=_2ZRxmbofqW37M&imgurl=http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/current/ED101fa10/vebado/images/evaporation.jpg&w=500&h=262&ei=XB2PULSmDeSQ0QGviIGICg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=228&vpy=255&dur=2&hovh=162&hovw=310&tx=81&ty=113&sig=115953012663293382693&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=310&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:139 • http://www.education.noaa.gov/Freshwater/Water_Cycle.html • http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evaporation.png • http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle2.htm • http://bfwatercycle.blogspot.com/2008/03/accumulation.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration • http://images.yourdictionary.com/transpiration • http://www.all-water.org/Water_Cycle.html • http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesublimation.html • http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/clouds/cloud_formation.html • http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclecondensation.html • http://www.groundwater.org/gi/whatisgw.html • http://maikopunk.wordpress.com/category/navel-gaze/’ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/60657874@N02/favorites/?view=lg • http://www.savingwater.org/waterconnection/cycle6.htm • http://www.picable.com/Concepts/Friendship/Water-Flow.860693 • http://www.photogalaxy.com/photo/homerholden/4/ • http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch37/plant_nutrient.html • http://www.asknature.org/strategy/2386af151126ef7579cf5c506b6dc7de • http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0076-drainage-basins-watersheds.php • http://www.lahmeyer.de/en/projects/details/browse/0/project/134/mode/1/show/showAll/ • http://www.ncwater.org/Education_and_Technical_Assistance/Ground_Water/AquiferCharacteristics/ • http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwaquifer.html • http://www.casperwy.gov/PublicWorks/StormWaterManagement/Watersheds/tabid/573/Default.aspx

  30. Resources • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=3A5B098F3CD8A968AE918126B1D44B6E7C097283&first=1 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=surface+currents&view=detail&id=26116C14F8CB9DCB595299405DD29B8914A4E706&first=1 • http://www.theozonehole.com/images/gaspcor.gif • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=oceans+and+climate&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=oceans+and+climat&sc=8-17&sp=-1&sk= • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=density+currents&view=detail&id=4868EC2A31D131A3065A9FD84349AC4A864BB579 • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sea+ice&view=detail&id=FC654212FD0F9A61F564623ADF9E45590554DEED • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+&view=detail&id=3340C09B50F578EFCF7CF7C9D73AFE004C9D36AD • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mediterranean+sea+temperature&view=detail&id=C0B6BC927A4DF9F34E5C08B5B5E4830A91471E8F

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