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Colonization to Reconstruction: Chapter 1

Colonization to Reconstruction: Chapter 1. How to get from Europe to Asia quickly?.

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Colonization to Reconstruction: Chapter 1

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  1. Colonization to Reconstruction: Chapter 1

  2. How to get from Europe to Asia quickly? AFTER THE CRUSADES INTRODUCED EUROPE TO THE SPICES AND RICHES OF AFRICA AND ASIA SEVERAL COUNTRIES DESIRED A MORE DIRECT ROUTE SINCE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES AND PRICES. SPAIN, PORTUGAL, ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND THE NETHERLANDS BEGAN SEARCHING FOR NEW ROUTES VIA THE OCEAN. SEARCHING FOR A SHORTCUT

  3. New Technology enabled explorers to seek out and search for new better and quicker routes 1543 GLOBE • NEW TECHNOLOGY: • COMPASS • GLOBE • RUDDER • IMPROVED SHIP BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN • QUADRANT (IMPROVED ABILITY TO DETERMINE LATITUDE BASED ON ALTITUDE OF STARS) • MAPS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES

  4. SPANISH EXPLORATION CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, AN ITALIAN NAVIGATOR, CONVINCED THE KING AND QUEEN OF SPAIN TO FUND AN EXPEDITION TO FIND A WESTERN ROUTE TO THE RICHES OF ASIA. THE PORTUGUESE HAD SAILED THE ROUTE AROUND AFRICA AND THEREFORE DOMINATED THE EASTERN ROUTE. AT THE TIME MAPS OF THE WORLD DID NOT INCLUDE THE AMERICAS.

  5. Columbus’s Arrival • 1492 • Landed on an island in the Carribbean • Thought he was in India • Called the people “Indios” • Claimed the island he Landed on and named it San Salvador • Died thinking he had found India

  6. Columbus impact on natives: • Enslaved them • Disease (mumps, measles, chicken pox, small pox, typhus Impact on Africans: • Loss of native work force led to settlers bringing in Africans to help • Led to slavery and 10 millions slaves being brought over. Impact on Europeans: • Mass Migrations • Columbian Exchange

  7. SPAIN LED THE EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS • HERNAN CORTES CONQUERED THE AZTECS OF MEXICO • FRANCISCO PIZARRO CONQUERED THE INCAS OF PERU • THE QUEST FOR RICHES DROVE THE SPANISH TO ENSLAVE THE NATIVE POPULATION TO MINE FOR GOLD AND SILVER, WHILE A DESIRE TO CONVERT NATIVES TO CATHOLICISM LED TO THE BUILDING OF MISSIONS

  8. THE FIRST ENGLISH ARRIVED IN THE “NEW WORLD” AND ESTABLISHED A COLONY Jamestown 1607 1st permanent settlement in U.S. Captain John Smith

  9. HOW DID THE ENGLISH COLONIES BECOME SO successful? ECONOMIC, RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS TOBACCO PLAYED A TREMENDOUS ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE COLONY AS IT YIELDED HUGE PROFITS WHEN SOLD IN EUROPE LAND WAS USED AS AN INCENTIVE TO ATTRACT SETTLERS RELIGIOUS STRIFE BETWEEN CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS LED TO MASS MIGRATIONS OF BOTH GROUPS TO DIFFERENT COLONIES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS FOR THE AVERAGE ENGLISHMAN BECAME EVEN TOUGHER WITH THE INFUSION OF NEW RICHES INTO THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY BY THE SPANISH

  10. The First Colony: THE PILGRIMS, RELIGIOUS SEPARATISTS FROM THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, SAILED ON THE MAYFLOWER AND LANDED AT PLYMOUTH ROCK IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1620=Thanksgiving Puritans soon followed: a more severe, stricter version of the Separatists

  11. RELIGION WAS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THE CREATION OF THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

  12. OVERVIEW OF THE NORTHERN COLONIES • NEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, CONNECTICUT • LONG, COLD WINTERS AS WELL AS MOUNTAINS DID NOT ALLOW FOR LARGE-SCALE FARMING • MOST SETTLERS CAME FROM ENGLAND • MAIN INDUSTRIES WERE LUMBERING, SHIPBUILDING, FISHING, IRON WORKS, AND WOOL PRODUCTION • MOST VILLAGES AND TOWNS WERE NEAR HARBORS

  13. KING CHARLES II GAVE AWAY THE MIDDLE COLONIES AS GIFTS TO FAMILY AND FRIENDS

  14. OVERVIEW OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES • NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE • ETHNICALLY DIVERSE, ESPECIALLY ALONG THE HUDSON RIVER • BUSY SHIPPING PORTS • LUSH FARMLAND LED TO GRAIN AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIKE WHEAT AND RYE, BEEF AND PORK • COTTAGE INDUSTRIES WERE WEAVING, SHOEMAKING, CABINET MAKING, AND OTHER ARTISAN CRAFTS

  15. LARGE SCALE FARMING DOMINATED THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

  16. SOUTHERN PLANTATIONS

  17. AFRICANS CRAMMED ONTO A SHIP FOR TRANSPORT TO BECOME SLAVES The Middle Passage Open book to page 32

  18. OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTHERN COLONIES • MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA • THE ECONOMY WAS BASED ON THE LARGE SCALE CASH CROPS OF TOBACCO, RICE, AND INDIGO • CLASS DIVISION BETWEEN VERY WEALTHY AND POOR • RELIANT ON SLAVE LABOR

  19. THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCED THE COLONISTS • JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT PEOPLE POSSESSED NATURAL RIGHTS SUCH AS LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY. HE BELIEVED THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT WAS TO PROTECT THOSE RIGHTS. • Believed that a social contract existed between people and government • People gave consent to be governed, in return people had right to overturn government • COLONIAL LEADERS BELIEVED THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT VIOLATED THESE IDEALS AND DISCUSSED STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE OPPRESSION OF KING GEORGE III

  20. THE GREAT AWAKENING • A series of religious revivals aimed at restoring the intensity and dedication of the early Puritan church that swept through the colonies in early 1700’s • STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE RATHER THAN NEEDING CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH GOD. • Challenged the authority of established churches. • New churches popping up everywhere

  21. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763 • BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR TERRITORY WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY • French built a fort on British land • The British tried to evict them but failed. • A 22 yr. old G. Washington led a militia to evict them but failed. Was crushed • He wend in again with 1500 soldiers and were ambushed by French and Indians. • 2 horses shot out from him and 4 bullet holes through his clothes

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