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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:. 12.a – Analyze the flow of energy through various cycles including the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles.

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This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology:

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  1. This lesson will increase your knowledge of concepts covered in the following TEKS for biology: 12.a – Analyze the flow of energy through various cycles including the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water cycles. 12.c – Compare variations, tolerances, and adaptations of plants and animals in different biomes 12.d – Identify and illustrate that long-term survival of species is dependent on a resource based that may be limited.

  2. Previous LessonPesticides and Organic Farming

  3. QUESTION: What happened in Ireland when an agricultural crop failed and what are the implications about our dependence on pesticides?

  4. Ireland suffered a famine because their crops were genetically uniform and they lacked pesticide technologyToday, farmers rely on pesticides to protect their crops Based on: Population Reports, May 1992

  5. QUESTION: Some people question the need for environmental legislation. Using the bald eagle, make a case that environmental legislation can help preserve natural ecosystems.

  6. Once the eagle was protected by the Endangered Species Act and DDT was banned, eagle populations increased rapidly. The bald eagle is now listed as threatened. From: Time, July 11, 1994

  7. QUESTION: What practices can’t be used in the production of certified organic foods?

  8. Organic Foods Certified organic foods cannot be produced with hormones, antibiotics, herbicides, insecticides, chemical fertilizers, genetic modification or germ-killing radiation From: Newsweek, September 30, 2002

  9. Today’s LessonThe Water Cycle

  10. Overview of Lesson • Humans and freshwater • Global water cycle • Biomes • Water availability in Texas • The future

  11. The quality of human life is directly proportional to the amount of available freshwater per person

  12. Humans are 55-60% water and can only live days without fresh water. Why is there so much water in the human body?

  13. Circulatory System Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill

  14. Urinary System Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill

  15. Many of the agricultural systems that feed humans are dependent on irrigation with freshwater. Why do plants need water? Photo courtesy of Texas Department of Transportation

  16. All agricultural systems are based on plants converting the energy of the sun to the energy of sugar through the process of photosynthesis energy of the sun + carbon dioxide + water energy of sugar + oxygen

  17. Overview of Lesson • Humans and freshwater • Global water cycle • Biomes • Water supply in Texas • The future

  18. Less than 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater • The rest is too salty for human consumption or agriculture

  19. Water Cycle Based on: Goodenough, et al., Human Biology, Saunders College Data from Jackson, et al., Ecological Applications, vol. 11, 2001

  20. Overview of Lesson • Humans and freshwater • Global water cycle • Precipitation and biomes in U.S. • Water supply in Texas • The future

  21. Biome Distribution Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, McGraw-Hill

  22. Air movement patterns across U.S. Pacific Moisture Based on: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, November 1981

  23. Mountains and Rain Shadows Condensation occurs when air cools as it rises over mountains, resulting in precipitation on the western side of the mountain. As the air moves down from mountains, evaporation tends to occur.

  24. Major Biomes of the U.S. Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry into Life, Wm. C. Brown, Publishers

  25. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh Pacific Coast

  26. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh Photo courtesy of G. Kroh California Redwoods

  27. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh Great Basin Desert in the Rain Shadow of the Sierras

  28. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh Meadow in the Rocky Mountains

  29. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh High Plains of Texas Panhandle

  30. Photo courtesy of G. Kroh Deciduous Forest of East Texas

  31. Overview of Lesson • Humans and freshwater • Global water cycle • Biomes • Water supply in Texas • The future

  32. Typical paths of movement of the various cold and warm air masses that invade Texas Based on: Texas Weather

  33. Average annual precipitation (inches) Based on: Texas Weather

  34. Most of the surface water is in the eastern side of Texas From: Texas Parks & Wildlife, July 2002

  35. Texas rivers are one the State’s most important natural resources Photo courtesy of R. Drenner Brazos River near Mineral Wells

  36. Texas rivers are now impounded by more than 200 major dams. All lakes but one (Caddo Lake) are formed by dams. Photo courtesy of R. Drenner Possum Kingdom Lake on Brazos River

  37. Water Treatment Process, Fort Worth From City of Fort Worth 1. Reservoirs provide water 2. Raw water pump station pumps water to treatment plant 3. Flash mix of chemicals to clump particles and increase settling plus charcoal to absorb taste and odor from bluegreen algae 4. Coagulation basin where particles clump 5. Sedimentation basin where particles settle to bottom 6. Filters consisting of 4 ft of coal, sand and gravel 7. Disinfection using chlorine (ozone used in future) 8. Clearwell storage before water is pumped to the public 9. Distribution through 2,400 mile of pipelines to homes and businesses

  38. Overview of Lesson • Humans and freshwater • Global water cycle • Biomes • Water supply in Texas • The future

  39. Water Fights Based on: U.S. News & World Report, May 19, 2003

  40. The population of Texas will double in the next 50 years Based on: Texas Parks & Wildlife, July 2002

  41. The Future? • Only eight more major dams will • be built in the next 50 years • Almost 900 Texas cities will not • have enough water from current • sources to meet their needs in • 2050

  42. Texas cities are requiring water conservation measures such as low-volume toilets while promoting volunteer xeriscaping

  43. Xeriscapingis a method of landscaping that uses plants that are well adapted to the local area and are drought-resistant

  44. Water reuse is “reusing” treated wastewater for other purposes

  45. Water Supply System for Fort Worth Village Creek Sewage Treatment Plant Trinity River Wetland

  46. From Texas Parks and Wildlife

  47. Decline in Wetland Acreage From Scientific American, June 1998

  48. Next Lesson Acid Rain and Fishless Lakes

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