Family and Friends CPR

1. Family and Friends CPR By Tadeh Danielian

2. Cardiac Emergencies and AED Skills The Cardiac Chain of Survival • Early recognition of the emergency and early access to EMS • Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) • Early defibrillation • Early advanced medical care

3. Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack • Persistent chest discomfort, pain or pressure that lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or goes away and comes back. • Discomfort, pain or pressure in either arm, back or stomach. • Chest discomfort, pain or pressure that spreads to the shoulder, neck, jaw or arms. • Shortness of breath or trouble breathing.

4. Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack (cont.) • Nausea or vomiting. • Dizziness, light-headedness, loss of consciousness or fainting. • Pale, ashen, grayish or bluish skin. • Sweating—face may be moist or person may be sweating profusely. • Denial of signs or symptoms.

5. Care for a Heart Attack • Immediately summon advanced medical personnel. • Have the victim stop what he or she is doing and rest. • Loosen any tight or uncomfortable clothing. • Closely monitor the victim until advanced medical personnel arrive. • Notice any changes in the victim’s appearance or behavior. • Comfort the victim.

6. Cardiac Arrest • What is it and when does it occur? • Signs and symptoms: • Unconsciousness • No movement or breathing • No pulse • Care: • Early CPR • Early defibrillation

7. CPR • Combination of rescue breaths and chest compressions. • Circulates blood containing oxygen to vital organs, increasing victim’s chance of survival, until advanced medical personnel arrive. • CPR increases the likelihood that successful defibrillation can be delivered to a victim of sudden cardiac arrest, especially if more than 4 minutes have elapsed since the victim’s collapse. • Must be performed on a firm, flat surface.

8. 1 Rescuer CPR for Adults • 1 – Check for responsiveness (tapping the shoulders with both hands while saying “are you ok”). • 2 – If no response, yell for help. If someone comes, tell him/her to phone 911 and get an AED. If no one comes, phone 911 immediately and then begin the step of CPR. • 3 – Open the Airway (head-tilt-chin-lift or Jaw thrust) Look, Listen, Feel for breath (5 – 10 seconds.) • 4 –Perform a “head tilt chin lift” and Give 2 breaths (give enough breath to make the chest rise).***remember to pinch the nose. • Start five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths at a rate of 100 compressions per min. Five cycles of 30 comps and 2 breaths in under 2 minutes. • Remember—if an AED arrives on the scene (for adult CPR) stop CPR and use AED immediately

9. 1 Rescuer CPR for Children 1 to Age of Puberty • 1 – Check for responsiveness. • 2 – If no response SHOUT for help, send someone to • CALL 9-1-1 and get an AED. • 3 – Open the Airway (head-tilt-chin-lift or jaw thrust) Look, Listen, Feel for breath (5 – 10 secs). • 4 – Give 2 breaths (give enough breath to make the chest rise).***remember to pinch the nose. • Start CPR 30 compressions and 2 breaths at a rate of 100 compressions per min. • Compression is different than adult. One hand on chest and one hand on forehead. • After 5 cycles of 30:2 if alone ACTIVATE the EMS and get the AED.

10. 1 Rescuer CPR for Infants • 1 – Check for responsiveness. • 2 – If no response SHOUT for help, send someone to call 911 and Do NOT get an AED. • 3– Open the Airway (head-tilt-chin-lift or jaw thrust) Look, Listen, Feel for breath (5 – 10 secs). • 4 – Give 2 breaths (give enough breath to make the chest rise).***remember to place your mouth around the nose and mouth. • Start CPR 30 compressions and 2 breaths at a rate of 100 compressions per min. • After 5 cycles of 30:2 if alone call 911 after 5th cycle

11. Introduction to AED • Most cardiac arrests occur away from the hospital. • Early CPR can help a cardiac arrest victim. • An electrical shock (defibrillation) is needed to correct the problem. The sooner the shock is administered, the greater the victim’s chance of survival. • Early defibrillation is the third step in the Cardiac Chain of Survival.

12. (AED) Automated External Defibrillator • When AED arrives, place it at the victims side, next to the responder using it. • First • POWER on the AED. • Second • ATTACH the pads to the victim, then attach to AED. • Third, • Clear the victim and ANALYZE the rhythm, by pressing the analyze button. • Fourth • SHOCK – If the AED advises a shock, Clear the victim and press the SHOCK button. • CPR – After AED gives the shock, begin CPR beginning with chest compressions. • RE-ANALYZE – After 2 minutes of CPR, press ANALYZE on AED • Four Special situations: • Take heed of the four special situations (hairy chest, wet/water, pacemaker, and medicine patch) and know what to do • Use adult pads on victims aged 8 and Older. • Use specialized pediatric pads on victims aged 1 to 8. • Currently no evidence to recommend for AED use on infants aged 1 or less.

13. References • American Heart Association, www.heart.org • Sensible Saftey: First Aid/CPR/AED Training, www.sensiblesafety.com