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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Light Absorption. Sun gives off visible light (ROYGBIV) Unabsorbed light reflects to our eyes Most green light not absorbed by leaves Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight Absorb mostly reds and blues. Prism. White light. Which color(s) are being reflected? Yellow

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. Light Absorption • Sun gives off visible light (ROYGBIV) • Unabsorbed light reflects to our eyes • Most green light not absorbed by leaves • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight • Absorb mostly reds and blues

  3. Prism White light

  4. Which color(s) are being reflected? Yellow Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

  5. Which color(s) are being reflected? Blue Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Indigo, Violet

  6. Which color(s) are being reflected? None…Black is the absence of light Which color(s) are being absorbed? All….ROYGBIV

  7. Which color(s) are being reflected? All…ROYGBIV Which color(s) are being absorbed? None

  8. Which color(s) are being reflected? Green Which color(s) are being absorbed? Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Indigo, Violet

  9. The Chloroplast • Site of photosynthesis • Thylakoid membranes: light dependent reactions • Stroma (fluid interior): light independent reactions

  10. Stomata: pore underneath leaves through which gases enter/exit

  11. Photosynthesis Overview • Two Stages • 1) Light Dependent Reactions • Photosystems: groups of molecules that capture/transfer energy • Creates: O2, ATP, NADPH • 2) Light Independent Reactions • Creates: Glucose

  12. Light Dependent Reactions: Photosystem II Step 1: Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight • Chlorophyll e- become excited & transfer to thylakoid membrane • Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged • Starts an electron transport chain

  13. Step 2 & 3: H2O broken into H+, e-, and O • e- replace those lost by chlorophyll • O waste • H+ pumped inside the thylakoids and accumulate

  14. Thylakoid membrane Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged e e e e e e e e e chlorophyll chlorophyll e e H e Electrons replace those which left chlorophyll H e e H O e H H H Oxygen waste is released O O

  15. The process keeps repeating H H The plants takes in water H H H H e e e e e e Thylakoid membrane Thylakoid membrane becomes negatively charged e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e chlorophyll chlorophyll e e H e Electrons replace those which left chlorophyll H e e H O e H H H Oxygen waste is released O O

  16. Light Dependent Reactions: Photosystem I • Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight • Chlorophyll e- become excited & transfer to thylakoid membrane • Accumulate with those from photosystem II e- e- e- e- e-

  17. NADPH produced (H taxi) • e- causes H+ to bond with NADP • NADPH will be used later • ATP produced • H+ ions diffuse and bond ADP with Pi • ATP will be used later H+ H+ H+ e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- ATP ATP ATP

  18. Light Dependent Summary • O2, ATP, NADPH created • NO GLUCOSE CREATED!

  19. Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) • Step 1: CO2 bonds with RuBP (5C) molecule to make a 6C molecule

  20. CO2 bonds with RuBP RuBP C C C C C 6C molecule Six carbon molecule is created C C C C C C CO2

  21. Step 2: 6C molecule splits into two PGAL molecules (3C) • ATP & NADPH provide the energy

  22. NADPH NADPH NADPH NADPH NADPH NADPH NADPH (from light dependent cycle) drops off H ATP (from light dependent cycle) provides energy to break the molecule into PGAL 6C molecule ATP ADP H H H ADP ADP ADP ADP ADP ATP C C C C C C ATP ATP C C C ATP H H H ATP C C C PGAL PGAL

  23. Step 3: Some PGAL (3C) bonds to make glucose (6C) Some PGAL recycled to start the cycle over

  24. PGAL PGAL PGAL PGAL glucose! C C PGAL PGAL C C C C C C C C C C PGAL glucose! PGAL bonds with PGAL….to make glucose! Glucose is used by plant cell mitochondria to create ATP in the process of cellular respiration PGAL is used to restart the Calvin Cycle

  25. Step 4: PGAL (3C) bonds to remake a RuBP (5C) molecule with help of ATP CO2 bonds with RuBP (5C) to restart the cycle

  26. C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C ATP ATP ATP PGAL broken apart by ATP

  27. 6C molecule RuBP C C 6C molecule C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C RuBP C CO2 C C C C 6C molecule C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CO2 RuBP C CO2 Unstable C atoms recombine to make RuBP (5C) molecules RuBP molecules bond with CO2 again

  28. Light Independent Summary • CO2, ATP, & NADPH create glucose

  29. Your essay question on the next test! Trace the flow of energy, including ATP, from the sun to your muscles, after eating a green leaf salad.

  30. Kobe Kuiz • Place these steps in order from start to finish: A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose G) CO2 bonds with RuBP

  31. Kobe Kuiz • Place these steps in order from start to finish: E) Sunlight causes chlorophyll electrons to flow into thylakoid membrane D) Water broken into H+, e-, and O components A) Electron transport chain creates NADPH and ATP energy G) CO2 bonds with RuBP C) PGAL created when 6C molecule broken down F) 3C molecule bonds to create glucose B) 3C molecule broken by ATP into 5C molecule

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