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WWI

WWI. Chapter 27. “Civilization has climbed above such perils; the interdependence of nations in trade and traffic, the scope of public law, Christian charity, and common sense has branded such nightmares impossible… It would be a pity to be wrong …” ~ Winston Churchill. Setting the Stage: WWI.

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WWI

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  1. WWI Chapter 27

  2. “Civilization has climbed above such perils; the interdependence of nations in trade and traffic, the scope of public law, Christian charity, and common sense has branded such nightmares impossible… It would be a pity to be wrong…”~ Winston Churchill

  3. Setting the Stage: WWI • Causes WWI • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  4. The Spark = Assassination Archduke Franz FerdinandJune 28, 1914

  5. Gavril Princep and the Blackhand

  6. Set into motion deadly web of alliances

  7. Franz Ferdinand’s Death Set into Motion a Deadly Web of Alliances

  8. Allied Powers France GB Russia Italy United States and Japan (eventually) Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria WWI Sides: The Belligerents

  9. WWI: A TOTAL WAR • Total War = All resources used for war • Propaganda • Civilian responsibility • New Industrial weapons/inventions in land, air, sea

  10. Weapons by Sea: Dreadnoughts and U-Boats

  11. Weapons by Air: Airplanes and Zeppelins Red Baron

  12. Weapons by Land: Machine Gun

  13. Weapons by Land: Railroad Guns

  14. Trenches

  15. Trench Foot

  16. Weapons by Land: Gas

  17. Burns from Mustard Gas

  18. Animal Messengers and Gas Masks

  19. Weapons by Land: Tanks

  20. Total War made WWI a… • War of Attrition: • A slow wearing-down war in which each side tried to outlast the other

  21. Theaters of War

  22. Major Battles WWI • 1914 • Battle of Marne: • W-front • France stops German adv. into Paris • Trench warfare begins • Battle of Tannenberg • E-front • Huge German Win! • Prob. Germany in 2-front war

  23. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

  24. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

  25. Major Battles WWI continued… • 1915 • Battle of Gallipoli • Turkish-front • Allie’s defeated by Ottoman E! • Russia remains landlocked

  26. United States Entry into WWI • U.S. “neutral” until April 6th, 1917 / May 28th 1918 our first victory at Cantigny • (North of Paris) • Events that pushed U.S. into WWI: • Unrestricted Germ. submarine warfare • Sinking of Lusitania Zimmerman Note / O throw of Russian Czar.

  27. WWI Causalities – 16 mill. Dead

  28. Paris Peace Conference • Meeting of the Big 4: • GB: David Lloyd George • France: George Clemenceau • UnitedStates: Woodrow Wilson • Italy: Vittorio Orlando • Who were these men and what kind of “peace” did each of them want?

  29. Areas of Concern • Blame? • Reparations? • Colonies of Central Powers? • Rhineland? • Alsace-Lorraine? • Saar? • Poland? • Danzig? • Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Estonia? • Czechoslovakia?

  30. No Russia or Central powers invited! Other Problems w/ Paris Peace Conference…

  31. Other Problems w/ the Paris Peace Conference • Russia and Central Powers not invited • Political Problems • Territorial Conflicts • Reparations • How to maintain peace • Force • Wilson’s 14 Points • Freedom of seas, no secret treaties, no economic barriers, reduce arms, fair land divisions, establish League of Nations

  32. WWI Causalities

  33. Treaty of Versailles • Officially ended WWI 1919 • Treated Germany Harsh • Formed Independent Republics • Formed League of Nations

  34. Europe Before WWI

  35. Europe After WWI

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