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The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964

The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964. Causes of the Cold War:. Sovietization, 1944-48 Stalin’s security concerns Ideological goals 2. Truman doctrine, 1947-> Containment Marshall plan (European Recovery Program): Total: $13.3 billion. Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-49.

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The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964

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  1. The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964

  2. Causes of the Cold War: • Sovietization, 1944-48 • Stalin’s security concerns • Ideological goals 2. Truman doctrine, 1947-> • Containment • Marshall plan (European Recovery Program): Total: $13.3 billion

  3. Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-49

  4. Berlin Blockade and Airlift (cont.) • Western Allies (USA, GB, France) united their occupation zones • June 1948: New German mark introduced • Stalin ordered blockade of roads and rails • US and GB created airlift: • To May 1949: 278,228 flights • 2,326,406 tons of food, coal, other necessities

  5. Berlin Airlift

  6. 1949: Communism spreading • Soviets removed opposition in eastern Europe • 1948: Czechoslovakia • Soviets exploded first atomic bomb • Chinese revolution • NATO founded, 1949 to present

  7. Korean War, 1950-53 • Two rival governments: • North: Soviet-supported Kim Il Sung’s communist government • South: US-supported anti-communist, autocrat Syngman Rhee • United Nations resolved to allow a US-led “police action” • 40,000 UN forces killed (mostly American) • 1.2 million Koreans killed • 1 million Chinese killed

  8. THE SOVIET BLOC

  9. The Soviet Blocnot monolithic • Josip Broz a.k.a. TITO (r. 1945-1980) • Yugoslavia • Non-alignment

  10. 1953: Stalin died

  11. Nikita Khrushchev (r. 1953-64) • 1956: 20th CPSU Congress • Secret Speech • “The Thaw” or De-Stalinization, 1956-64 • Warsaw Pact formed, 1955 • Sino-Soviet split (1960) • Cuban Missile Crisis, 14-28 October 1962

  12. De-Colonization from Europe, 1945-1970s • French Algeria • War of Independence, 1954-1962 • National Liberation Front (FLN) • Franz Fanon • “Third World” – Alfred Sauvy • Repeated attempts at alternative international organizations

  13. New International Organizations

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