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Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign

Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign. Rahul Zaveri, William Shaw, Daniel Cziczo Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Entire CARES Team CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop Davis, CA January 11 – 13, 2010.

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Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign

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  1. Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) Field Campaign Rahul Zaveri, William Shaw, Daniel Cziczo Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Entire CARES Team CalNex Atlantis Data Workshop Davis, CA January 11 – 13, 2010

  2. Participants and Collaborators Participants and Resources From: • Montana State University • NASA • Portland State University • University of Arkansas • University of California-Davis • University of California-San Diego • University of Colorado • University of Nevada-Reno • University of North Dakota • Washington State University • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Aerodyne Research, Inc. • Brechtel Manufacturing • Brookhaven National Laboratory • DOE ARM Aerial Facility • DOE ARM Climate Research Facility • Droplet Measurements Technology • Environmental Molecular Sciences Lab • Los Alamos National Laboratory • Michigan Technological University Collaborators (CalNex) • NOAA Twin Otter • NOAA WP-3 • NOAA R/V Atlantis • California Air Resources Board (CARB)

  3. CARES Objectives and Goal Science Objectives: • Investigate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and the potential interactions between them. • Characterize the time scales of black carbon (BC) ageing and quantify the relative contributions of condensation and coagulation to BC mixing state evolution. • Quantify the effect of aerosol mixing state and the role of organics on the associated optical and CCN activation properties. Perform local closure studies. • Quantify the contribution of new particle formation and growth to CCN population. Overarching Goal: Evaluate and improve aerosol modules for the above mentioned processes and properties for use in regional, global climate models

  4. Sampling Strategy and Platforms Sacramento, June 2-28, 2010 • Rationale • Mid-size City • Fairly isolated and clean to the north • Regular wind pattern • Rich biogenic emissions • Previously studied area • UC Berkeley studies • BEARPEX • Sacramento plume servesas a meso-scale flow reactor

  5. American River College T0 Site – Sacramento • Trace Gases • PTR-MS & GC-MS VOCs and SVOCs WSU • CO VUV fluorescence WSU • SO2 research grade PNNL • O3 research grade WSU • NO, NO2, NOy research grade WSU • Aerosol Size/Composition • SMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution PNNL • HR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp PNNL • SPLAT-II single-particle mass spec EMSL • SP2 black carbon mass DMT • Sunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNL • TRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNL • PILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC Davis • Hi-vol sampler Organic functional groups UND • Optical Properties • 4-l Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL • 3-l Nephelometer, 3-l PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL • 3-l Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ., UC Davis • Photolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNL • Hygroscopic & CCN Properties • CCN Counter CCN activation PNNL • Meteorology • Sfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL 9.5 miles northeast of downtown Altitude = 30 m MSL Photo credit: Stephen Springston

  6. T1 Site - Cool, CA Northside School • Trace Gases • PTR-MS VOCs Montana State Univ. • CO VUV fluorescence LANL • O3 research gradePNNL • NO, NOy research grade LANL • Aerosol Size/Composition • SMPS, APS, CPC particle size distribution UC Davis, PNNL • HR-ToF-AMS + thermal denuder non-refractory aerosol comp. UC Davis/Aerodyne, PNNL • PALMS single-particle mass spec PNNL • SP2 black carbon mass DMT • Sunset OC/EC organic/elemental carbon mass PNNL • TRAC, DRUM Samplers microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNL • PILS Auto-sampler WSOC, IC Brechtel, UC Davis • Hi-vol Samplers 13C and 14C, functional groups Univ. of Arkansas, UND • Optical Properties • 3-l Photoacoustic scattering, absorption UNR, LANL • 3-l Nephelometer, 3-l PSAP scattering, absorption PNNL • 3-l Cavity Ring Down extinction, scattering Portland State Univ. • Photolysis, MFRSR radiation PNNL • UV-MFRSR radiation Univ. of Arkansas • Hygroscopic & CCN Properties • f(RH) aerosol hygroscopic properties PNNL • CCNc, SCCN CCN activation PNNL, BNL • Meteorology • Sodar, Wind Profiler wind velocity vertical profile PNNL • Sfc. Met. Station & Radiosonde wind velocity, P, T, RH profiles PNNL Foothills of Sierra Nevada Altitude = 450 m MSL Photo credit: Stephen Springston

  7. DOE G-1 • Trace Gases • PTR-MS VOCs PNNL • CO VUV fluorescence BNL • O3 research gradeBNL • SO2 research grade BNL • NOx, NO2, total NOy research grade BNL • Aerosol Size/Composition • CPC (>3nm and >10 nm) particle number concentration PNNL • FIMS (30 – 80 nm) particle size distribution BNL • UHSAS (55 – 1000 nm) particle size distribution PNNL • CAPS (500 – 20000 nm) particle size distribution PNNL • HR-ToF-AMS non-refractory aerosol comp. EMSL • SP2 black carbon mass BNL • ATOFMS aerosol mixing state UCSD • TRAC Sampler microspectroscopic analyses EMSL, LBNL • PILS Auto-sampler Bulk inorganic composition Brechtel, UC Davis • Optical Properties • PASS-3 absorption LANL • 3-l Nephelometer scattering PNNL • PSAP absorption PNNL

  8. NASA B-200 • High Spectral Resolution Lidar NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler) • Digital Camera NASA Langley (Ferrare, Hostetler) • Research Scanning Polarimeter NASA/GISS (Cairns) • Objectives • Characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and optical properties • Provide the vertical context for G-1 and ground in situ measurements • Infer aerosol type and apportion optical depth by type • Investigation of new active + passive (lidar + radiometer) aerosol retrieval techniques • Characterize the PBL height and distribution of aerosols within and above PBL • Help assess aerosol model transport simulations • CALIPSO/CALIOP & GLORY/APS Validation

  9. Two Predominant Sacramento Plume Patterns Observed T1 T1 T0 T0 SW Flow ~15 out of 27 days NW Flow 9 out of 27 days SO2 from refineries along Carquinez Strait

  10. DOE G-1 Flight Tracks • DOE G-1 (June 2 – 28) • Research Flights: 22 • Flight Time: 67.5 hours • Flight Distance: ~24,000 km • NASA B-200 (June 3 – 28) • Research Flights: 23 • Flight Time: ~68 hours • Coordination with CalNex • In Sacramento Area • R/V Atlantis (June 3 – 4) • NOAA Twin Otter (June 15 – 28) • Intercomparison Flight From Fresno to Bakersfield, June 18 • DOE G-1 • NASA B-200 • NOAA P-3 • NOAA Twin Otter

  11. AMS: Aerosol Composition at T0 Average Aerosol Composition at T0 4 mg m-3 1 mg m-3 Average aerosol concentration: 2.84 mg/m3 org dominant PM1 comp. Mass Conc. (mg m-3) Chen Song Time (h)

  12. AMS: Aerosol Composition at T1 3.5 mg m-3 2 mg m-3 org dominant PM1 comp. Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang

  13. Regional New Particle Formation & Growth Events T1 T0 Chen Song / Ari Setyan / Qi Zhang

  14. SPLAT II: Single Particle Composition at T0 Complex Aerosol Mixing State Changing with Time % Alla Zelenyuk, Josef Beranek

  15. Evidence for T0-T1 Transport LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments Likely T0-T1 Transport Enhanced biogenic emissions coupled with intense photochemistry Day of June Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott

  16. Comparison of Light Absorption at T0 and T1 LANL and UNR Photoacoustic Instruments T0 only episodes Day of June Brad Flowers, M. Dubey, Pat Arnott

  17. Evidence for Aged Air Mass Recirculated from the Previous Day 8:00 am – 11:00 am PST T1 T1 T1 T1 T0 T0 T0 T0 T0 T0 T0 T0 John Shilling

  18. Large Concentrations of Ultrafine Particles John Shilling

  19. Intense Photochemical Evolution on June 28 WRF Tracer Forecast 16 PST G-1 Data, 1341 – 1641 PST Sacramento Source CO (ppb) gray = CO emission rate T1 consistent T1 T0 peak T0 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 ozone = 124 ppb All Sources Aerosol Volume (mm3 cm-3) T1 T0 T1 peak 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 T0 WRF forecast: W.Gustafson and J. Fast

  20. Summary • Rich data set that will shed light on a number important problems related to carbonaceous aerosols • Useful for evaluating and improving understanding of several aerosol processes and properties such as: • SOA formation from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and interactions between them over a period of one or more days. • BC ageing and aerosol mixing state evolution • Effect of aerosol mixing state on optical and CCN activation properties • New particle formation and growth – role of organics • Compare and contrast CARES results with CalNex platforms / sites

  21. CARES Team (many faces are missing) At McClellan Jet Services Hangar, Sacramento, CA At Homewood Suites, Roseville, CA

  22. Acknowledgements • Funding and Personnel Support • ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) • ARM Aerial Facility (AAF) • Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program • Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) • Entire CARES Team • Scientists, post-docs, students, collaborators • Support staff • Our Hosts • CARB (staff and forecasting team) • McClellan Jet Services, Sacramento • American River College, Sacramento • Northside School, Cool

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