1 / 18

The Right Stuff

The Right Stuff. What Does It Take to Succeed?. Luck Talent Determination/Self-Discipline Delayed Gratification Willpower Executive Functioning Belief in Self Self-Efficacy Outcome Optimism. And Sometimes Even That Isn’t Enough. Willpower:. Man vs. Marshmallow. Delayed Gratification

fola
Télécharger la présentation

The Right Stuff

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Right Stuff

  2. What Does It Take to Succeed?

  3. Luck • Talent • Determination/Self-Discipline • Delayed Gratification • Willpower • Executive Functioning • Belief in Self • Self-Efficacy • Outcome Optimism

  4. And Sometimes Even That Isn’t Enough

  5. Willpower: Man vs. Marshmallow

  6. Delayed Gratification • Children Differ in Their Abilities to Delay Gratification • Importantly, This Predicted Long-Term Success: • SAT Verbal & Quant Scores • About 210 Points Higher (15-Min Waiters vs. 30 Sec. Waiters) • This Is ~15 Years Later! (Shoda, Mischel, & Peake, 1990) • Also Perhaps Coping, Planning, Motivation, & Intelligence

  7. Self-Discipline Twice as Effective as IQ in Predicting: • Final Grades • As Well as: • High School Selection • School Attendance • Hours Spent • Doing Homework • Watching Television (Inversely) • Time of Day Students Began Their Homework • (from Duckworth & Seligman, 2005)

  8. Note: Long-Term Strategies Are Not Always Best • Broken Promises • Kidd, Palmeri, & Aslin (2013)

  9. Nonetheless, Ayduk et al. (2000) Found Delayed Gratification Among Low-Income Middle School Children Buffered Against: • “Positive Functioning,” i.e., Ratings of: • Self-Worth & Self-Reliant • High Aspirations • Drug Use • Aggression & Peer Acceptance in “Rejection Sensitive” People

  10. Delayed Gratification Is Also Related to: • Ability to Focus on Tasks • An Inhibit Competing Behaviors • Shift Between Tasks • “Meta-Memory” • Knowing When and How to Remember Things

  11. Etiology of Willpower • Differences Seen as Early as 18 Months (Sethi et al., 2000) • Where It Is Related to Maternal Relationship • “Good” Relationship May Affect Development of Coping Strategies

  12. Differences in Ability to Delay Gratification Related to “Cooling Strategies” • I.e., Ability to Minimize the Agony of Deprivation • Which Could Be Taught (ahem)

  13. But Also Probably in Part Innate • Related to Neural Functions That Do Not Fully Develop Until One’s 20s • Their Develop Is Affected by Adverse Events (Trauma, Stress, Etc.) • E.g., in Its Relationship with “Rejection Sensitivity” and Maybe Neuroticism)

  14. Nonetheless, “Willpower” Can Be Developed “Biomechanically”

  15. Characteristics of Willpower • Limited and Depletable • Like All Limited Resources, It Helps to Develop Strategies to Use It Wisely • Adults Workers Spend ~3 Hrs/Day Resisting Urges • But Those With Strong Self-Control Spent Less Time Resisting • Therefore, Easier to Relapse into Old Habits During Stressful Times • Or After Making Big Decisions • When Tired, Sad, or . . . Hungry

  16. It Can Be Replenished • With Simple Sugar! (Gailliot & Baumeister, 2007)

  17. It Can Probably Be “Trained” • Small, Regular Acts of Will May Improve Overall Willpower • Pre-Empt to Avoid Exhaustion • "People with low willpower use it to get themselves out of crises. People with high willpower use it not to get themselves into crises." • More Strategies for You & Your Students

More Related