Grammar REview

1. Mrs. Bieltz Grammar REview

2. Toddlers, tweens, and teens (demands/demand) attention. Agreement

3. Each of the students (was/were) planning to study tonight(;/,) they went to the party instead. Pronoun and Punctuation

4. Choose the correct sentence: The senate make you vote. The senate make you votes. The senate makes you vote. The senates makes you vote. Agreement-Subject/verb

5. Indefinite pronouns, like collective nouns, can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Singular indefinite pronouns take a singular verb; plural indefinite pronouns take a plural verb. • Here are some guidelines to follow: • Indefinite pronouns that end in -one are always singular. These words include anyone, everyone, someone, and one. • Indefinite pronouns that end in -body are always singular. These words include anybody, somebody, nobody. • The indefinite pronouns both, few, many, others, and several are always plural. • The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used Indefinite Pronoun

6. Correct the following sentences: • Each of the boys brought their own mitt. • One of the girls left their sweater on the bus. • Everyone has their reason for choosing to drive certain models of cars. Pronoun Examples

7. Independent clause: a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence. Dependent clause: a group of words that contains and subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker. Dependent markers: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, while. Conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet Joining words: however, consequently, for example, moreover, namely, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore, that is, thus Clauses: semicolon vs. comma

8. 1. Dependent clause – comma – independent clause Because I like cake, I ate too much. 2. Independent clause – comma – conjunction – independent clause I like cake, so I ate too much. 3. Independent clause – semicolon – joining word – comma – independent clause I like cake; therefore, I have too much. 4. Independent clause – semicolon – independent clause I like cake; I ate too much! Working with Clauses

9. Punctuate the following sentence correctly: Mrs. Bieltz the greatest instructor was a teaching extraordinaire! Can you locate a phrase in this sentence? Can you locate a clause in this sentence? Comma and Phrases/Clauses

10. Identify the underlined parts of the sentence: In Greek mythology, Hermes delivered godsmessages from humans. Direct object is a word or word group that receives the action of the verb or shows the result of the action, answering the question Whom? Or What? after a transitive verb. Indirect object tells to whom or to what or for whom or for what the action of the verb is done. Indirect objects generally precede direct objects. Direct and Indirect Objects

11. Locate the prepositional phrases: Between the two buildings is a concrete wall. The penguins jumped into the sea. Prepositional Phrase

12. Whose vs. Who’s • Whose = possessive pronoun • Who’s = contraction who is • Examples • Who’s iPhone was stolen? • Who’s listening to iTunes? • Whose going to Coldstone? • Whose ice cream is this? Common Error 1

13. Nor & Neither-Nor and Or & Either-Or • Look at the subject after the nor/or • Determine if it is singular or plural • Choose the correct verb • Nicholas nor the babies (drink/drinks) the bottle. • The babies nor Nicholas (drink/drinks) the bottle. • Coco or the dogs (eat/eats) the bone. • The dogs or Coco (eat/eats) the bone. Common Error 2

14. There, They’re, Their • There = location (* “here” is in the word there) • They’re = contraction they are • Their = possessive pronoun • They’re looking over there for their dog. Common Error 3

15. It’s vs. Its • It’s contraction it is • Its possessive pronoun • Examples: • Grab an umbrella! Its going to rain. • Don’t forget to bring it’s leash! Common Error 4

16. Who vs. Whom • Nominative who whoever • Objective whom whomever • Possessive whose whosever • When who, whom, whose are used to introduce adjective clauses, they are called relative pronouns • In questions, who is used as a subject or as a predicate nominative. Whom is used as a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. Common Error 5

17. Find subordinate clause. Determine how it is used: subject, predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition. Determine the case for this use of the pronoun. Select the correct case form of the pronoun. Who vs. Whom in subordinate clause

18. Who vs. Whom: Start a question

19. Onomatopoeia • One or more words that imitate or suggest the source of the sound they are describing. • Common occurrences include animal noises, such as "oink" or "meow" or "roar". Literary Terms

20. Foil • A foil is a character that contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight various facets of the main character's personality: to throw the character of the protagonist into sharper focus. Literary Terms