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The Protists Chapter 19.1 page 502 - 525

The Protists Chapter 19.1 page 502 - 525. The Fungi Chapter 20 Page 528 - 547. (503) What is a protist?. Kingdom Protista: 1) Most diverse kingdom 2) Unicellular and Many multi-cellular 3) Microscopic 4) Some make own food,_______________ some don’t, __________________

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The Protists Chapter 19.1 page 502 - 525

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  1. The Protists Chapter 19.1page 502 - 525

  2. The Fungi Chapter 20Page 528 - 547

  3. (503) What is a protist? Kingdom Protista: 1) Most diverse kingdom 2) Unicellular and Many multi-cellular 3) Microscopic 4) Some make own food,_______________ some don’t, __________________ What then, do all protists have in common? They are all ____________ autotrophs heterotrophs eukaryotes • membrane bound organelles • Nucleus

  4. Groups of Protista protozoan 5) A ______________ is a unicellular animal like organism. • Moist environments • Very diverse group • All feed on other organism (dead or alive) They are therefore _______________. 6) Four Diverse Groups • Amoebas (have pseudopodia) • Flagellates (have flagella) • Ciliates (have cilia) • Sporozoans (parasites) heterotrophs

  5. Amoeba 7) Moves by sending out extensions of the plasma membrane to move and feed 8) These extensions are called ___________. 9) Do not have a cell wall 10) To feed, the pseudopodia surrounds the food pseudopodia Video: amoeba

  6. Amoeba Contractile vacuoles 11) Amoebas can remove excessive water with little pumps called ___________ ________ 12) Found in moist environments 13) Amoebas found in the sea are part of the ______ 14) Plankton is assortment of organisms that float in oceans and form base of the ocean’s food chain. 15) Radiolarians are an important part of plankton too. 16) Most amoebas reproduce by ________________ plankton Asexual reproduction

  7. Flagellates 17) Get their name because they are protists with one or more ____________. 18) Flagella allow for the protist to move about. 19) Some flagellates are parasites, causing diseases like sleeping sickness. 20) Some protozoa are found in the guts of termites and will digest cellulose as food. flagella Video- dinoflagellates

  8. Flagellates: • Zoomastigina – African sleeping sickness (506) 21) From bite of tsetse fly (506) 22) Cause chills and rashes, infect nerve cells 23) Lose consciousness and laps into deep & fatal coma Chapter 19

  9. Paramecium Ciliate cilia What are ciliates? 24) Contain _________, hair-like projections to move from place to place 25) Paramecia are one of the largest unicellular organisms. 26) Use cilia, oral groove, gullet and food vacuole for digestion. 27) Another ciliate: Stentor Stentor

  10. Ciliate

  11. conjugation 28) Paramecia reproduce asexually and sexually by _____________. In this process paramecia join and exchange genetic material. 29) Also paramecia divide through asexual reproduction, by dividing into two identical daughter cells Asexual reproduction.

  12. Sporozoans spores 30) Most of the Protist are in the group Sporozoans, which produce __________. 31) Spores are a reproductive cell with a hard outer coat that produces a new organism without fertilization. 32)All are __________ 33) This is the life cycle of malaria, a disease caused by a Sporozoan through the life cycle of a Mosquito. parasites

  13. Reinforcement and Study Guide 19.1 Answers page 83. Protists • True • Animal-like, plantlike, and fungus-like • True • Animal-like • Pseudopodia • Contractile vacuole • Asexual reproduction • Flagellates • Cilia • Conjugation • Sporozoans • Plasmodium • mosquito

  14. Algae: Plantlike Protists Chapter 19.2page 510 – 525 Diatoms (below)

  15. Algae: Plantlike Protist 19.2What are algae? 34) Protists that photosynthesize are algae. 35) Algae use chlorophyll to trap energy from sun. 36) Up to 4 kinds of chlorophyll w/ various pigments. (variety of colors in algae) 37) Can be unicellular or multicellular. 38)_Photosynthesizing algae are called ________________ Diversity of Algae 39) Six phyla of algae 40) Three of phyla (euglenoids, diatoms & dinoflagellates) are unicellular phytoplankton

  16. Euglenoids (511) What are euglenoids? 41) Have both plant and animal characteristics. 42) Contain chlorophyll & photosynthesize but don’t have cellulose or cell wall 43) Can take in food similar to protozoans 44) Have one or more flagella to move toward food or light videos

  17. Diatoms: The golden algae 45) Unicellular photosynthesizing organisms 46) Make up a large part of phytoplankton in fresh and salt water ecosystems 47) Shells made of silica (sand) with two parts 48) Contain chlorophyll and carotenoid (golden-yellow pigment) 49) Oil in diatoms helps diatoms float on surface, Will be closer to sunlight

  18. Diatom

  19. Diatom

  20. Diatom

  21. Dinoflagellates (513) 50) Have two (2) flagella located in grooves. 51) Cell spins slowly as flagella beat. 52) Makes up Phytoplankton in salt water. 53)Cause _________ , that kill fish, and shellfish. (513) Red tide

  22. Dinoflagellates

  23. Red Tide!

  24. Red Tide

  25. Algae____________ Red Algae (514) 54) The next three phyla of algae has to do with their color: red, brown, and green algae. 55) Red algae are seaweeds. The body of the seaweed is called a ___________. Seaweeds lack roots, stems, and leaves. 56) Red algae can survive deep water because light is absorbed in the green, violet and blue pigments. Red is the part of light spectrum that can penetrate deep water (below 100m) thallus

  26. Brown Algae (514) Bladders 57) Brown algae are found in cool ocean water. 58) Many have ____________ that keep bodies floating near the surface. 59)The largest of the brown algae are _________ 60) Kelp forest are complete ecosystems. kelp

  27. Kelp (multicellular seaweed) (514) 61) Looks like plants but is not; no roots, stems or leaves 62) Has hold fasts to attach to rock

  28. Brown Algae (Kelp) Chapter 20

  29. Green Algae 63) Most live in fresh water 64) But live in a variety of water; salt water, snow, tree trunk, fur of animals. Volvox 65) Unicellularor multicellular. Live in a group of cells that live together in close association called a _________. colony

  30. Volvox

  31. Volvox

  32. Green algae reproduction Plant like Protist 66) Reproduce sexually and asexually 67) Individual organism breaks into pieces and each piece forms a new organism. This type of reproduction is called ___________. 68) Life cycles that alternate between individuals that produce spores and individuals that produce gametes are called _____________ 69) Alternates between haploid and _________. fragmentation Alternation of generation (516) diploid Forms sex cells Forms body cells

  33. Chapter 20-4 Plantlike Protist: Red, Brown, & Green Algae 70) Colonial Green Algae: 71) multicellular 72) Spirogyra: forms threadlike long colonies called filaments Spirogyra – undergoing conjugation and showing filaments Internal structure Chapter 20

  34. Alternation of generations An organism’s life cycle alternates between ___________ reproduction and ___________ reproduction Meiosis asexual Diploid Mature Cell Zoospores Zygote Sexual Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction + Haploid - Chapter 20

  35. Reinforcement and Study Guide 19.2 • The characteristic common to all protists is that they are eukaryotic. • Unicellular protists that are major producers of oxygen in aquatic ecosystems are phytoplankton. • Unicellular and multicellular photosynthetic protists are algae. • Most green, red and brown algae are multicellular. • Photosynthetic pigments are used to classify algae. • Algae are classified into six phyla. • 7. Phylum Euglenophyta • Contractile vacuole • Nucleus • Chloroplast • Flagellum • Eye spot • Pellicle • Mitochondria

  36. Reinforcement and Study Guide 19.2 • When diatoms that have been reproducing sexually reach about on-fourth of their original size, they reproduce sexually. • Dinoflagellates are unicellular algae that all of the above; have two flagella, create red tides, have thick cellulose plates. • Red algae are a kind of seaweed having pigments that absorb green, violet, and blue light waves, which allows the algae to photosynthesize in limited light • The air bladders of green algae allows the algae to float to surface. • A green algae that forms colonies is Volvox. • Some algae have a life cycle that has a pattern called (20) alternation of generations. These algae alternate between a(n) (21) haploid form that is called the (22) gametophyte because it produces gametes, and a(n) (23) diploid form called the (24) sporophyte. When the haploid gametes fuse, they form a(n) (25) zygote form which the sporophyte develops. Certain cells in the sporophyte undergo (26) meiosis to form haploid (27) spores that develop into gametophytes.

  37. Fungi Chapter 20

  38. What is a fungus? Chapter 20 Characteristics of Fungi: 73) Are everywhere 74) Grow best in moist, warm environments • Have cell walls but not of ___________, like found in plants. Fungi have cell walls of ____________. cellulose chitin

  39. What is the structure of fungi? Hyphae 76) Most are multicellular and have long threadlike filaments called _________ 77) Hyphae grow from __________. 78) As hyphae grow they form an network of filaments called a _______________. spores mycelium

  40. 79) A germinating fungal spore produces hyphae that branch to for mycelium. (530) Spore Hypha Mycelium

  41. How do fungi get food? heterotrophs 80) Fungi can not make their own food, they are 81) Food is digested ___________ the fungus’s cells and then food is absorbed by digestive ___________ 82) Enzymes break down large food molecules into small food molecules 83) Small food molecules move into the hyphae by Osmosis) outside enzymes

  42. Reproduction in Fungi 84) Fungi undergo asexual reproduction by pieces of mycelium breaking off called: ______________ 85) Another asexual method in which a new individual pinches off from the parent is __________ Fragmentation budding

  43. Common BasidiomycotesDiversity is obvious • Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bird’s nests fungi, rust, smut, and bracket fungi.

  44. Another Example of Mutualism: Mycorrhizae and Lichens 86) Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship that benefit both species 87) A fungus that has a symbiotic relationship: a plant and its roots is ______________ 88) Fine, threadlike hyphae grow around the plant’s roots without harming the plant. The hyphae maintain water around roots. The fungus receives organic nutrients from the plant. mycorrhizae

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