1 / 14

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia. Psychology Dr Ros Weston. DSM IV & ICD. Symptoms (characteristics) Syndrome Axis 1 & 3 Cultural factors Social factors Experimental factors Diathes – stress & therefore multi-dimensional causes (model). Meaning : Schzo  Spilt Phren  Mind

fortune
Télécharger la présentation

Schizophrenia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Schizophrenia Psychology Dr Ros Weston

  2. DSM IV & ICD • Symptoms (characteristics) • Syndrome Axis 1 & 3 • Cultural factors • Social factors • Experimental factors • Diathes – stress & therefore multi-dimensional causes (model)

  3. Meaning : Schzo  Spilt Phren  Mind 10 % of population is affected

  4. Types of Schizophrenia • Disorganised • Catatonic • Paranoid • Undifferentiated • Residual

  5. Explanation & Evidence Biological / genetic / evolutionary (often known as medical model) Twin studies : Gotterman reviewed 40 studies Monozygotic twins 48% likely if one twin has it the other will too. Dyzygotic : 17% if one twin has the other has too. Rosenthal : Quadruplets – all four had schizophrenia (quadrozygotic) but they also had bad childhood

  6. Explanations & Evidence Cont… • Family Studies Gottesman if parent has schizophrenia 46% chance that the child will have it too. If one parent has schizophrenia there is a 16% chance that the child will have it too. If a sibling has schizophrenia there is an 8% chance. It is relevant that there is a hereditary argument here, That genes are passed from parent to child

  7. Adoption studies • Tierian – 155 Schizophrenic mothers who’d given their children up for adoption. There were Cf. to 155 not adopted and not having Schizophrenic parent. 10.3% of those with schizophrenic mother had schizophrenia. Only 1.1% of control group had schizophrenia. • Kety looked at adults adopted at birth

  8. Adoption studies Cont…. ½ had diagnosis of schizophrenia. This was a matched pairs study ½ had it and ½ did not. The rate of schizophrenia was greater in Those with biological relatives than those without. The rate did not differ for adoptive families that had adopted child who became or did not become schizophrenic. Suggestions : environmental factors had little impact on The development of schizophrenia

  9. Brian Chemistry Dopamine hypothesis • Neuroleptic drugs that block dopamine seen to reduce symptoms (phenothiazines) (Davisond Leale, 1996) These have more effect on positive symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) than a negative : …....... And catatonia. The drug L-dopa can increase symptoms suggesting dopamine has a role. (Kamme et al). Barlow and Divand found evidence that the dopamine argument is not as strong as we thought. Beliefs that dopamine and serotonin are jointly part of the cause. Clozapine is used to treat schizophrenia and block both dopamine and serotonin

  10. Brain Structure Pahl (1990) large ventricle theory Suddatn (1990) supports this. Twin studies and brain structure reveal supports This (Suddatn, 1990) Buchsbaum (1984) PET scans : Schizophrenics had lower metabolic rate in pre-frontal cortex Than controls.

  11. Psychodynamic • Regression to early childhood • Earlier stage of Schizophrenic sexual development • Primary narcissism (oral stage) • Ego and reality testing (Schizophrenics have loss of contact with reality as ego not functioning properly • Sexual instinct is very strong (impulse)

  12. Behavioural Approaches • Learning plays a role • Experience of punishment means they retreat to an inner world • Labelling then takes place ‘odd ‘peculiar’ • Bizarre behaviour may be rewarded with attention and sympathy – secondary gain of being ‘odd’ This gets worse and then gets labelled as Schizophrenia

  13. Social Factors Social Factors • Double blind theory : i.e. communicate • Family system theory. Michler and Waxler (1969) found mothers talking to daughters were aloof and unresponsive (like to attachment styles) • Expressed emotion – hostility, critism, emotional over involvement. Schizophrenics who live in a family with high expressed emotion are 4 likely to relapse than those not (Kavangh, 1992)

  14. Social Causation Hypothesis • Stress and social argument – more venerable and (leads to social drift. (Day et al) • Life events - Schizophrenics seem to have had more stressful life events in the week before onset. Day et al)

More Related