NaviForum 2007 Shanghai, China December 5-7, 2007

1. U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program, Policy and International Cooperation NaviForum 2007 Shanghai, China December 5-7, 2007 Alice Wong, Senior Advisor Office of Space and Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs U.S. State Department

2. Introduction • Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure • Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities • Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental, public safety/crisis and disaster management, and science • Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) • Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance • Augmentations improve performance even further

3. Current Constellation 30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24) • 14 Block IIA satellites operational • 12 Block IIR satellites operational • 4 Block IIR-M satellites operational • Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) • Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need • New IIR-M satellite launched - Oct 07 • Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993

4. GPS constellation –Delivering excellent performance Standard Performance Improving

5. Global Differential GPS System International GNSS Service Augmentations Space-Based Augmentations Ground-Based Augmentations (NDGPS, GRAS, LAAS, etc.)

6. GPS Modernization • System-wide improvements in: • Accuracy • Availability • Integrity • Reliability • Backward compatibility • Robustness against interference • Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use • Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

7. GPS III Satellites & Civil Signals • Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements • Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility • Separate contracts for space and ground segments • Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway • OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract awarded on Nov 07 • GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released; contract award projected for Jan 08 • Civil benefits • Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals • In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites • Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo and Glonass • Significant increase in system accuracy • Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

8. U.S. Policy History • 1978: First GPS satellite launched • 1983: U.S. President offers free civilian access to GPS • 1996: First U.S. GPS Policy. Established GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management • 1997: U.S. Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees • 2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero” • 2004: U.S. President issued U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT • 2007: U.S. President announces Selective Availability will no longer be built into modernized GPS III satellites

9. Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis. Provide open, free access to information needed to develop equipment. Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems. Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS. Seek to ensure international systems are interoperable with civil GPS and augmentations. Address mutual security concerns with international providers to prevent hostile use. U.S. Policy Principles Outlined in 2004 Presidential Policy on Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)

10. Defense Transportation State NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Commerce Homeland Security Interior NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure WHITE HOUSE WHITE HOUSE Defense Transportation NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation State ADVISORYBOARD Sponsor: NASA Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NATIONAL COORDINATIONOFFICE Host: Commerce NASA

11. International Cooperation • Positive results of a decade of diplomatic efforts are beginning to be seen • New satellite constellations and regional augmentations systems, while independently owned and operated, are being designed to be compatible and interoperable • Coordination mechanisms are being created to promote interoperability, promote GNSS use, and ensure a level playing field in the global marketplace

12. Bilateral GPS Cooperation • U.S.-Japan: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996 • QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable with GPS • Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii/Guam • U.S.-EU: GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement since 2004 • Established four Work Groups • July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC) • U.S.-India: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since2005 • Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation, February 2007 • Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions • ISRO requested U.S. to meet on compatibility, interoperability and spectrum coordination

13. Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0nt’d) • U.S.-Russia: Joint Statement establishing cooperative working groups in 2004 • Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-GLONASS signals • Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS • U.S.-Australia: Joint Delegation Statement on Civil GPS cooperation signed April 2007 • Long standing working relationship on GNSS civil aviation technologies and applications • Developing enhanced mechanisms for notification of GPS satellite operational changes

14. Regional Approach • APEC/GNSS Implementation Team (GIT) provides excellent forum to consult with a wide range of users • GIT has focused on air traffic control and related aviation issues; seeks to broaden its coverage on GNSS applications to all modes of transportation • APEC/GIT seeks project proposals to facilitate GNSS implementation and use in APEC economies • A GNSS Innovation Summit is tentatively planned in Bangkok in May 2008 prior to the next Team meeting

15. International Committee on GNSS (ICG) • Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999 • Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particular in developing countries • Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems • Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, China Japan, India) and international user groups to address common issues, e.g. reference frame, orbital debris

16. ICG (Continued) • Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups • A. Interoperability and compatibility • B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services • C. Information dissemination, education, outreach & coordination • D. Interaction with monitoring and reference station network organizations • First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India September 2007 • Providers agreed on interoperability and compatibility terms • China requested to be recognized as a GNSS Provider • U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December 8-12, 2008 As new space-based GNSS emerges globally, interoperability is the key to “success for all”

17. Summary • GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve • Augmentations enable high performance today • Second new GPS signal now available • No Selective Availability features in GPS III • U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry • Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations • U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active • Many policy implementation actions in progress • International cooperation is a U.S. top priority

18. Contact Information Alice A. Wong Senior Advisor U.S. State Department OES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410 Washington, D.C. 20520 Ph: (202) 663-2388 Fax: (202) 663-2402 E-mail:wongaa2@state.gov Recent Presentation: www.PNT.gov GPS Information: www.GPS.gov