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Chapter 10. Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air

Chapter 10. Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air. 1. Whoops! Wrong Calvin…. 2. Remember what it means to be a plant…. Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids proteins, nucleic acids Need to store chemical energy

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Chapter 10. Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from Air

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  1. Chapter 10.Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle LifefromAir 1

  2. Whoops! Wrong Calvin… 2

  3. Remember what it means to be a plant… • Need to produce all organic molecules necessary for growth • carbohydrates, lipids • proteins, nucleic acids • Need to store chemical energy • in stable form • can be moved around plant • saved for a rainy day 3

  4. + water + energy  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 Autotrophs • Making energy & organic molecules from light energy • photosynthesis 4

  5. Light reactions • Convert solar energy to chemical energy • ATP • NADPH  energy  reducing power   build stuff !! 5

  6. How is that helpful? • Want to make C6H12O6 • synthesis • How? From what? What raw materials are available? CO2 NADPH reduce CO2 carbon fixation NADP C6H12O6 6

  7. From CO2 C6H12O6 • CO2 has very little chemical energy • fully oxidized • C6H12O6contains a lot of chemical energy • reduced • endergonic • Reduction of CO2C6H12O6proceeds in many small uphill steps • each catalyzed byspecific enzyme • using energy stored in ATP & NADPH 7

  8. From Light reactions to Calvin cycle • Calvin cycle • chloroplast stroma • Need products of light reactions to drive synthesis reactions • ATP • NADPH 8

  9. 1C 3C CO2 RuBP 5C 6C unstable intermediate 3 ATP PGAL to make glucose 3 ADP 3C PGA PGAL 2x x2 3C 6 ATP 6 NADPH 2x 6 NADP 6 ADP Calvin cycle (don’t count the carbons!) ribulose bisphosphate 1. Carbon fixation 3. Regeneration Rubisco ribulose bisphosphatecarboxylase sucrose cellulose etc. 2. Reduction 9

  10. PGA = Phosphoglycerate 12 ATP and 12 NADPH are oxidized by PGA to form PGAL PGAL = Glyceride 3-Phosphate (a Very Energy Rich Molecule)

  11. C:\Documents and Settings\Dr. Block\My Documents\Dr Blocks Stuff\AP Bio Stuff\Campbell Related\Animations\Chap. 10 - CalvinCycle.swf

  12. 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 4 ADP 4 ATP glucose C-C-C-C-C-C Remember PGAL? 2 ATP glycolysis 2 ADP fructose-6P P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C PGAL C-C-C-P pyruvate C-C-C 12

  13. Calvin cycle • PGAL • end product of Calvin cycle • energy rich sugar • 3 carbon compound • “C3 photosynthesis” • PGAL  important intermediate PGAL   glucose   carbohydrates   lipids   amino acids   nucleic acids 13

  14. PGA PGA PGA RuBP RuBP RuBP PGAL PGAL 14

  15. Rubisco • Enzyme which fixescarbon from atmosphere • ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase • the most important enzyme in the world! • it makes life out of air! • definitely the most abundant enzyme 15

  16. Accounting • The accounting is complicated • 3 turns of Calvin cycle = 1 PGAL • 3 CO21 PGAL (3C) • 6 turnsof Calvin cycle = 1 C6H12O6(6C) • 6 CO21 C6H12O6(6C) • 18 ATP + 12 NADPH  1 C6H12O6 • 6 ATP = left over from light reactions for cell to use elsewhere 16

  17. + water + energy  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 Photosynthesis summary • Making energy & organic molecules from light energy 17

  18. Photosynthesis summary • Light reactions • produced ATP • produced NADPH • consumed H2O • produced O2 as byproduct • Calvin cycle • consumed CO2 • produced PGAL • regenerated ADP • regenerated NADP 18

  19. light energy  6CO2 + 6H2O + + 6O2 C6H12O6 Summary of photosynthesis • Where did the CO2 come from? • Where did the CO2 go? • Where did the H2O come from? • Where did the H2O go? • Where did the energy come from? • What’s the energy used for? • What will the C6H12O6be used for? • Where did the O2 come from? • Where will the O2 go? • What else is involved that is not listed in this equation? 19

  20. Supporting a biosphere • On global scale, photosynthesis is the most important process for the continuation of life on Earth • each year photosynthesis synthesizes 160 billion tons of carbohydrate • heterotrophs are dependent on plants as food source for fuel & raw materials 20

  21. air The poetic perspective • All the solid material of every plantwas built out of thin air • All the solid material of every animal was built from plant material sun Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants…are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! 21

  22. Any Questions?? 22

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