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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. 1400-1600. 1.1 The Renaissance . Began in Florence Italy. Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in short span of time. Time of creativity and change in many areas

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance 1400-1600

  2. 1.1 The Renaissance • Began in Florence Italy. • Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque • Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman • Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in short span of time. • Time of creativity and change in many areas • political, social, economic, and cultural. • Humanism-focus on individual accomplishments • Paintings were realistic and focused less on religious topics. • Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art. (de Medici’s)

  3. Dance – Renaissance: Court Dances • court dances- fancy occasions for the upper class to show off in front of nobility. • heavy gowns, large headdresses, long lacy sleeves, • Movements were restrained and refined. Slides, glides, small, slow steps, poses, and curtsies. • first court dances were done low to the ground. (basse) • peasant dances- were lively and consisted of large, wide steps performed mostly on grassy town squares.

  4. Types of dances Galliard: a lively dance, which included a number of hops and kicking steps Pavane: • meaning “peacock.” • a basse dance performed at ceremonies for Kings and Queens • movements were slow walking steps, which traveled forward and backward.

  5. Types of dances The Courante: This dance displayed gestures of courtship and flirtation The steps included walks, tiny runs, and glides. Other forms of entertainment at the court Jousting The Allemande: • Consisted of four dances together • Hands were held at all times during this dance • Movements were made up in such a way as to keep partners joined together throughout the dance. • Now used for a step in square dancing.

  6. 1.2 Drama/Theatre - Renaissance Commedia dell’Arte- (Italy) means comedy of the professional guilds of artists stock characters(10-12) some wore masks, special skills of the actors, acrobats, dancers, musicians, and improvisers Slapstick humor short, physical comedy routines only venue for women actors until the English stage in the late 17th century.

  7. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Elizabethan Theater • English-speaking playwright • 38 plays • tragedy, comedy, and English history • During the reign of Elizabeth I • His plays occur over long periods of time, in many locations, and involve multiple subplots in addition to the main plot. • violence on stage, ghosts and spirits. • platform on stage in which multiple locations could be imagined. • outdoor theatres • Costuming was everyday clothing • Only men

  8. Examples of Shakespeare’s plays include: • Tragedy: • Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Othello • Comedy: • A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew • History: • Henry V

  9. The Globe Theatre • In London built in 1599 • Thrust stage • Paid according to where you sat • The yard or pit- paid a penny. • The gallery two pennies for the first level, three pennies for the second and so on. • Color of flag flying • Black- tragedy , white-comedy and red-history. • Destroyed by fire in 1613 • Second Globe Theatre was built on the same site June 1614 and closed in 1642 • Virtual tour

  10. The Summary of Taming of the Shrew The beautiful and gentle Bianca has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio, Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed. Bianca's suitors persuade fortune-seeker Petruchio to court her. The suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharina's dowry. Petruchiomarries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country house with his servant Grumio. Petruchiointends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies her food, sleep and her new clothes, whilst continuously singing her praises. Katharina is tamed. They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a banquet they wager on who has the most obedient wife. Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission

  11. Character Map

  12. Taming of the Shrew "the shrew" refers to Katherine "tamer of the shrew" refers to Petruccio, sister in both the play and film have the same name, Bianca. Baptista(the very wealthy father of Katherine and Bianca) desires to find husbands for both his daughters, offering a fine dowry; Bianca, the younger and fairer, gets more offers for marriage, but Baptista, for some reason, desires his eldest, Katherine, the "shrew," to marry first, restricting Bianca. From there, the character who desires Bianca, Lucentio, finds Petruccio, who only wants to marry, to "tame" Katherine, so Lucentio accordingly can marry Bianca.

  13. 10 Things I hate about you “Shrew” Katarina (Kat) "tamer" Patrick (or 'Pat'). Katarina's sister in both the play and film have the same name, Walter (the father of Kat and Bianca), of course, desires the best for his daugters, as fathers ought. To Bianca's demise, their father restricts her dating without Kat dating as well; Bianca, the more popular, extraverted, and absent-minded of the two, for her reasons, gets frustrated at her sister, Kat, who seems incapable of any positive human interaction. For an upcoming dance, Bianca has a choice between two dates, Joey and Cameron, but her two rivaling dates find Pat, a rebellious teenager who plays the "shrew," and, who they think, may attract Kat, since, of course, Bianca cannot date without Kat. Through Pat's often ridiculous and hilarious attempts, he wins Kat's heart, "taming" her anti-social ways.

  14. 1.3 Renaissance Music • Music helped to reconcile faith and reason • Movement from monophonic (one sound) to polyphonic • Polyphonic: many sounds • Multiple musical lines together • 2 or more separate voices or parts • Rise of instrumental and secular music (non-religious)

  15. Council of Trent (1545-1562) Reformation in the Catholic church • Changes in music & mass • Away from polyphonic • Distracted from text • Wanted monophonic

  16. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina • 1525-1594 • Italian Renaissance Composer • polyphony • perfect balance of voices, seamless phrasing • the sound seems to never stop • Every voice part is equally important • Pope Marcellus Mass • Well-known work

  17. Other Composers • John Dowland (1563-1626) • English known for melancholy songs- "Flow my tears” • Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594) • Franco-Flemish who studied polyphonic style • William Byrd (1543/1623) • English wrote church/liturgical music • Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) • Italian composer, marked the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period. • Opera-L'Orfeo,

  18. Types of Music Madrigal Secular music Use several languages (English, Italian) Performed by a small chorus Polyphonic, use of Imitation Texts are sometimes about erotic love Use of word painting Performed at a faster tempo Used at courtly social gatherings Motet • Sacred music used in the Mass • Sung in Latin • Polyphonic, use of Imitation • Performed a cappella with pure sound • Performed by a small chorus

  19. 1.4a Visual Art - Renaissance • Renaissance art united Christian faith and human reason. • Wealthy individuals and families supported learning and the arts through a system of patronage. • Wealthy patrons commissioned personal portraits, landscapes, and nudes. • Lorenzo de Medici was a member of the wealthiest family in Florence • Artists studied Classical Greek and Roman sculptures, as well as the science of anatomy • Linear perspective and atmospheric was discovered and allowed a completely realistic viewpoint. • Oil paint was invented in Northern Europe, and allowed artists to better capture realistic details.

  20. Characteristics of Renaissance Art 1. Realism & Expression • Expulsion fromthe Garden • Masaccio • 1427 • First nudes sinceclassical times.

  21. 2. Perspective • The Trinity • Masaccio • 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

  22. 3. Classicism • Greco-Roman influence. • Secularism. • Humanism. • Individualism  free standing figures. • Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)

  23. 4. Emphasis on Individualism • Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino • Pierodella Francesca, 1465-1466.

  24. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures • The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate • Leonardo da Vinci • 1469 • The figure as architecture!

  25. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Sfumato Chiaroscuro

  26. The Renaissance “Man” • Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. • Deep knowledge/skill in one area. • Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. • The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. • Renaissance Man Song

  27. Leonardo da Vinci (1452) Famous Artists Botany, anatomy, music, architect, engineer Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work. Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

  28. Leonardo, the Artist • The Virgin of the Rocks • Leonardo daVinci • 1483-1486

  29. Leonardo, the Artist:From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

  30. Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4 ?

  31. A Macaroni Mona

  32. A Picasso Mona

  33. An Andy Warhol Mona

  34. A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

  35. Mona LisaOR da Vinci??

  36. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

  37. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan

  38. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!

  39. Deterioration • Detail of Jesus • The Last Supper • Leonardo da Vinci • 1498

  40. Leonardo, the Sculptor • An Equestrian Statue • 1516-1518

  41. Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook • Study of a central church. • 1488

  42. Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook • Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

  43. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook • An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

  44. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

  45. Leonardo, the Inventor:Pages from his Notebook Family Guy

  46. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook Studies of water-lifting devices. A study of siege defenses.

  47. Michelangelo Buonorrati (1475) Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect Pieta, which captures the sorrow of Mary as she cradles the dead Christ on her knees. Statue of David Sistine Chapel in Rome painted ceiling

  48. Michelangelo • He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

  49. David • 1504 • Marble

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