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The Protestant Reformation. By Mrs. Lauterhahn World Civilizations. 95 Theses. What were the 95 Theses? List of ___________ distributed around Europe Written by monk __________ in 1517 Originated in __________ What did the Pope do? Banned the works
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The Protestant Reformation By Mrs. Lauterhahn World Civilizations
95 Theses • What were the 95 Theses? • List of ___________ distributed around Europe • Written by monk __________ in 1517 • Originated in __________ • What did the Pope do? • Banned the works • This marked the beginning of the movement called the ______________ _____________.
Catholicism in the 1400’s • Roman Catholic church had power in _____’s • Had a lot of influence and extravagance so people thought church was pulling away from its spiritual roots • This led to the reform movement called Protestant Reformation in the early _______’s
People Unhappy with the Church • Why were people unhappy? • Financial ___________ • Abuse of _________ • Respect for _____ and _______ weakened • Heavy _____ because church financed the Renaissance artists but taxed the _____ and _____ classes to pay for it
Indulgences • Indulgences were ______ issued by the _____ • You can buy an indulgence to reduce your time in _________ • This practice was highly criticized • At this time, __________ also began to grow and people started devoting themselves to a nation rather than a ______.
Early Reformers • 2 Important Reformers who criticized Church: • John Wycliffe • He believed the Church should give up earthly possessions. He was even removed as a _______. • Jan Hus (yahnhoos) • He was a _______ • He started preaching against immortality and worldliness of the Church. • He was excommunicated, arrested and tried for ______ • He was then burned at the stake!!!!!!!!
Martin Luther • Martin Luther believed: • Selling indulgences was _____ and they couldn’t forgive _____ • 95 Theses were written in _____ which most people didn’t understand • Purpose was to start a discussion among intellectuals • Because of ________ ______, they were published and read by everyone!!!!!!!
Martin Luther cont’d • Martin Luther believed that _____ alone was needed to remain in God’s good graces. • The ONLY HEAD OF THE CHURCH was _____, not the _____. • Christian practices should come from the _____ only so he translated the Bible into the _______ language.
Reactions to Luther • Pope ______ X excommunicated Luther (that means he _______ him from the Church). • Luther was asked to appear before Charles V (he was the new ____ _______ ______) and the German assembly at the City of ______. • Luther refused to change his opinions • Charles V handed down the _____ __ _____ which made Luther an outlaw.
Luther cont’d • Luther’s ideas still spread • He didn’t intend to start a new religion but he did!!! _________ became a branch of Christianity by 1530. • 1529 – Charles V tried to stop the Lutherans in Germany. • The Lutheran princes issued a PROTESTATIO (meaning _______). That’s how we get the word “Protestant”.
Spread of Protestantism • Lutheranism rose in Germany • New religious movements sprang up in __________ and other European countries
Spread of Protestantism • Ulrich Zwingli – from Switzerland. • He was a Reformation _______ • He preached similar to Luther, but pushed it further • He was seen as a ________ • The church he established had _________ at its base. • Martin Luther opposed him because he thought Zwingli was messing with the word of God • He ended up dying in battle in 1531.
What is Theocracy??? • Theocracy is a government in which the _____ and ______ are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired.
John Calvin • Next to Luther, he was the most important Protestant reformer. • He and Luther both rejected _________ • He was influenced by Renaissance __________ • He supported Martin Luther • He preached the Doctrine of _______________.
What is Predestination? • God knows who will be saved before people are even born. There is nothing humans can do that will change their predestined end.
What is Calvinism? • Took root in Geneva, Switzerland • City became ________ under Calvin’s leadership • Viewed people as ______ by nature • Need strict laws to regulate people’s behavior • Church attendance was __________! • Laws controlled color of clothing, etc. • Dancing, singing, jewelry were ___________. • They didn’t mind the strictness – it gave them discipline!
Protestantism Spreads to England • Henry VIII becomes King in 1509 at 17 years old. • He was a devout ______ and hated Luther so he was seen as a “Defender of the ______” • He had a daughter, but needed a boy. He thought his wife, Catherine, couldn’t give him a boy so he wanted his marriage declared invalid so he could _____. • Pope said NO because ______ and his nephew, _______ __ opposed it.
Henry falls in love with _____ ________. • He summons the Parliament (known as the Reformation Parliament). • Parliament declares England no longer under the Pope’s authority and Henry becomes the head of the _________ ___ ___________. • 1533 – Henry and Anne secretly marry and he has another girl. • 1534 – Parliament passes _____ __ __________requiring people to take oath declaring Henry VIII to be the “Supreme Head of the Church of England”. The break from Rome is now complete!!!
HENRY VIII cont’d • Ends up with __ wives. 3rd wife (Jane Seymour) gives him a male heir – called Edward VI. • Edward VI takes throne at age 9! • Dies at 16 and Henry’s daughter, ____, becomes the queen of England. • Mary brings back authority of the _____ and many people are burned at the stake for their Protestant beliefs • She is known as _______ ______.
What happens to Mary??? • She dies and __________ I becomes queen. • She was a _________ and drafted a new Supremacy Act in 1559. This Act splits England from Rome again. • She persecuted anyone who dared to worship as __________.