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Alaska Wind Integration Conference June 29, 2010

Alaska Wind Integration Conference June 29, 2010. Oahu Wind Integration Study. Dean Arakawa Sr. Engineer, Renewable Energy Planning Hawaiian Electric Company . The Challenge. Hawaii’s Economy in 2008. GROSS STATE PRODUCT $63.8 BILLION. SPENDING ON ENERGY $ 8.4 BILLION.

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Alaska Wind Integration Conference June 29, 2010

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  1. Alaska Wind Integration ConferenceJune 29, 2010 Oahu Wind Integration Study Dean Arakawa Sr. Engineer, Renewable Energy Planning Hawaiian Electric Company

  2. The Challenge

  3. Hawaii’s Economy in 2008 GROSS STATE PRODUCT $63.8 BILLION SPENDING ON ENERGY $ 8.4 BILLION

  4. Hawaii’s Energy Use Today Primary energy: 90% fossil fuel, Imported crude oil refined: JET FUEL 34% ELECTRICITY 32% GASOLINE/ 27% MARINE FUEL OTHER 7%

  5. Hawaii’s Electricity Issues are Fundamentally Different than the Mainland US

  6. The Solutions

  7. A Paradigm Shift is Required • Economic drain > Economic engine • Energy insecurity > Energy security • Environmental harm > Environmental compatibility • Price volatility > Price stability

  8. As of 2009 – Hawaiian Electric companies 19 % Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency (~50% / 50%) State Goal by 2030 – for Hawaii’s economy 40% Renewable Energy 30% Energy Efficiency Where Are We Today?

  9. How We Can Move Ahead: • Grid transformation • Renewable energy including liquid fuels substitute • Inter-island connection

  10. Oahu’s Challenge * U.S. Census estimates as of July 2007 Molokai Kauai Population 905,601 * Maui Oahu Tri-island population 141,783 * Lanai Geothermal Wind Hawaii Biomass/Biofuel Solar Population 173,057 * DSM/Energy Efficiency OTEC/Wave MSW 10

  11. Hawaii’s Wind Energy Resources 11

  12. Wind on Molokai and Lanai 11/20/2014 12

  13. Renewable Game Plan for Hawaii • The load is on Oahu, but the renewable resource is limited. • The neighbor islands have abundant renewable resources, but limited load. Ultimately, the islands can benefit by being cabled together.

  14. How Can We Do It? • ‘Interisland Wind’ Lanai & Molokai wind farms • 200 MW each • Undersea cable to Oahu Learn more at: www.interislandwind.com

  15. HECO’s System

  16. Hawaiian Electric Isolated, stand-alone grids * 80% of state population

  17. Big Wind Components Oahu Integration & Infrastructure + Wind Plant Issues Cable Issues Oahu Issues • Required wind plant forecasting and performance characteristics • Resource intermittency mitigation and management (e.g. energy storage requirements) • Adequate capacity factor yielding commercially reasonable pricing • Community acceptance of large wind plants • Sizing and selection (AC, DC) • Cable system reliability and configuration (e.g. mono-pole, bi-pole, spare cable, etc.) • Landing sites and footprint for converter station and supporting equipment • Ocean permitting and environmental issues • O&M responsibilities and operating agreement • Maintain 60Hz frequency and system stability • Maintain adequate operating reserves in response to wind • Improve generator response • Enhance system controls and automated features • Maintain reliable operations via PPA commitments • Community acceptance of new T&D infrastructure Undersea Cable Intertie Wind Plant Development & Performance = + Successful Big Wind

  18. Legend Kahuku Wind Power (30 MW) Firm Capacity, Net-MW Future As-Available Resource, MW-nameplate Future Firm Capacity, Net-MW Total Existing Firm Capacity = 1,732 MW-net Total Future Firm Capacity = 35 MW-net Waiau (473 MW) Kahe (604 MW) Airport DSG (8 MW) H-POWER (46 MW) Honolulu (108 MW) H-POWER (27 MW) AES (180 MW) CIP CT-1 (113 MW) Kalaeloa (208 MW) Honua Power (6 MW) Generation Resources on Oahu Oahu RE RFP Pending 400 MW Wind Planned

  19. Follow-on Implementation HECO Baseline Information Oahu Transmission Studies Stead State Load Flow/ Transient Stability/ Short Circuit Oahu T&D Routing Study and Engineering Design Oahu Transmission Projects HECO Model Development GE Submarine Cable Procurement and Permitting Submarine Cable Architecture and Functional Specs Steam Generator Improvements EMS Upgrade Projects Steam Generator Projects EMS/AGC Capability Analysis Load Control Projects Scenario Analysis (GE MAPS/PSLF) Standby/Quick Start Generation Future Generating Resource Plan Load Control Wind Capacity Calculation Wind Resource Modeling Wind Forecasting PPA Negotiations/ Interconnection Requirements Study Inter-island Wind Project

  20. Scenario Analysis These four scenarios were the focus of the study (Scenarios 2 and 4 were only moderately different than these three scenarios). Interest from the team to focus effort on mitigating strategies as opposed to these only moderately Oahu 600MW of new Renewables~1200MW Peak These 3 scenarios were analyzed to determine the commitment/dispatch, identify new operating characteristics, and establish a new baseline to assess strategies to enhance operation with high penetrations of renewables +100MW new Wind +100MW new PV sub- sea cables Molokai+200MW new Wind Lanai +200MW new Wind

  21. Tools Needed For Each Timescale New tools and data needed to properly model and assess system impacts within operational time constraints.

  22. Modeling Tools

  23. Wind and Solar Data Development • Wind and solar data monitoring units • Develop high resolution wind and solar time series data for modeling work

  24. Model Data RequirementsSummary of Thermal Unit

  25. Integration Challenges … • Wind energy curtailment at high penetrations • Zero marginal cost energy not being accepted • More frequent operation of thermal units at minimum power • What if there is a loss of load on the system? • Large system contingencies • What if the undersea cable trips? • Variability of wind energy • Large sustained drops in wind/solar power during load rises • Reduced thermal unit efficiency & potentially higher O&M costs • Higher sub-hourly maneuvering to balance wind/solar power

  26. Evaluating Candidate Strategies • Wind power forecasting to improve unit commitment • Refine up reserve requirements based on wind power variability • Reduce minimum power of baseload units • Seasonally cycle-off select baseload units • Reduce reserve requirement (use of fast-start units and load control) • Increase thermal unit ramp rate capability • Consider advanced wind turbine technologies to provide “grid support” (e.g., inertia, over-frequency control)

  27. Dynamic Response Study PREMISE Improving the dynamic responses of generating units on the HECO grid will facilitate the interconnection of greater amounts of variable generation with reduced amounts of other technologies to mitigate adverse operational impacts. 27

  28. Objectives Confirm I&C logic for “AGC” of governors Characterize existing inertial, droop, and AGC (i.e., “ramp rate”) responses Develop control strategies and tune systems for improved response (model input) Identify factors and equipment that limit unit response Identify capital projects to address limitations 28

  29. Combustion Control at Top Load Pre-Tuning Uninhibited Boiler Following Response Trend 29

  30. Post-Tuning Uninhibited Boiler Following Response Trend 30

  31. Post-Tuning 3 MW/min Coordinated Control Response Trend 31

  32. 5 MW/min Response Trend 32

  33. System Load/Frequency Response to 125 MW Kahe 5 Trip 33 Theo W. Hetherington – C.S.Squared (3-14-2009, 20 min response)

  34. DYNAMIC RESPONSE – GENERATING UNITSFor Analytical Purposes Only 34

  35. Impact of Renewables Variabilityon System FrequencyHigher thermal unit ramp rates helped manage frequency Sustained Wind Power DropOct 12th 2pm (1160MW Load) Fast Wind Power Variability Aug 30th 10am (995MW Load) Large and fast-wind power variability over the 5-10min timeframe in both directions Largest wind forecast error. Largest hourly wind drop (311MW; 27% of gen.)All fast-start units dispatched Manageable system frequency over largest wind drop Manageable system frequency over fast wind variability events GE Internal – HECO Proprietary

  36. Thermal Unit Ramp Rates & Droop Large Wind/Solar/Load Change Aug 30th 10am (1108MW Load) Today’s Ramp Rate / Droop 200MW Lanai(curve on top of one another) UFLS at 59.5 Hz Propose Future Ramp Rate / Droop

  37. Results

  38. Operational Strategies andUnit ModificationsMore Wind Energy Delivered & Lower Variable Cost • Benefits from… • Operational Strategies  Wind forecasting & refine up reserve requirement • Thermal Unit Modifications  Reduce unit min power & seasonally cycle off baseload units • Modifying Reserve Req’ts  Credit load control & fast-start units for up reserve

  39. What Worked Well for HECO • Dedicated cross-functional team • Technical Review Committee • Weekly meetings during scenario analysis • Selected the most difficult scenario first • Prudent use of modeling results

  40. Thank You Learn more …. • Hawaii’s Energy Future www.hawaiisenergyfuture.com • Hawaiian Electric Company www.heco.com • Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative http:/hawaii.gov/gov/initiatives/2009/energy • Hawaii energy data http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/energy

  41. BACK UP

  42. Oahu Generating Fleet Operating Service Unit Capability Type Mode Date Age HECO Generating Units Honolulu 8 56 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1954 55 Honolulu 9 57 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1957 52 Waiau 3 49 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1947 62 Waiau 4 49 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1950 59 Waiau 5 57 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1959 50 Waiau 6 56 Steam, Non-Reheat Cycling 1961 48 Waiau 7 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1966 43 Waiau 8 94 Steam, Reheat Base 1968 41 Waiau 9 53 Combustion Turbine Peaking 1973 36 Waiau 10 54 Combustion Turbine Peaking 1973 36 Kahe 1 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1963 46 Kahe 2 89 Steam, Reheat Base 1964 45 Kahe 3 92 Steam, Reheat Base 1970 39 Kahe 4 93 Steam, Reheat Base 1972 37 Kahe 5 142 Steam, Reheat Base 1974 35 Kahe 6 142 Steam, Reheat Base 1981 28 Major Independent Power Producers HPOWER 46 Steam, Non-Reheat Base 1990 19 Kalaeloa 208 Combined Cycle Base 1991 18 AES 180 Steam, Reheat Base 1992 17 42

  43. How is frequency performance affected by installed wind power and scenario assumptions? Wind Power Variability Proposed Ramp Rates & Droops Input Data No solar variability, No AES governor response PSLF • Good correlation between increased wind power variability and associated frequency performance • 3B and 5B scenarios have better frequency performance than 3F3 and 5F3 scenarios. This is because fewer units are against their limits (more up regulation in 3B and 5B as compared to 3F3 and 5F3).

  44. How much does maneuvering of HECO units increase in scenarios with more wind power? • A high percentage of total system variability (>80%) is counteracted by HECO units in all scenarios and for fast and slow variations. • System variability is higher if solar variability is considered. HECO units perform most of the maneuvering. Proposed AGC ramp-rates, no solar variability, no AES governor response Maneuvering of HECO units doubled in scenarios with offshore wind for slow and fast variations

  45. What units increase maneuvering in scenarios with more wind power? Proposed AGC ramp-rates, no solar variability, no AES governor response PSLF Variability of HECO units increased to counteract additional wind power variability in scenarios 3 and 5

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