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CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND

CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND. CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY Improved agricultural production leads to expanding population horsepower and the three field system

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CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND

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  1. CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND

  2. CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY • Improved agricultural production leads to expanding population • horsepower and the three field system • Rise of guilds- think of these as the first unions; merchant guilds; craft guilds; apprentice- usually male teenager, usually 2-7 years; journeyman- earned salary, had to produce a masterpiece, which was very difficult; master- owned shop, member of the guild • The Commercial Revolution- 20th century idea; move away from the self-sufficiency of the manor system; people were becoming “consumers”; trade expanded (Crusades/Italian merchant ships/etc); fairs; rise of banking

  3. NEED FOR WORKERS INCREASES SERFS MOVE TO TOWNS FOR WORK COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION MORE CURRENCY/BANKING LENDING AVAILABLE MORE MONEY AVAILABLE FOR STARTING BUSINESSES MERCHANT POWER INCREASES MERCHANT TAXES INCREASE KING’S POWER AND WEALTH

  4. CHANGES IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY • Rise of Urban centers- European population booms; trade is almost the sole basis for the rise of towns; however, towns were nasty; rise of burghers • revival of learning- cultural diffusion from the Crusades; vernacular literature (Dante and Chaucer); Christine De Pizan; universities • Thomas Aquinas- “scholastic”; most famous and important scholar of the period; argued that religious truth could be found through logic and reason as well as faith • Cosmological Argument-

  5. THOMAS AQUINAS

  6. ENGLAND AND FRANCE DEVELOP • Norse invasions- 871-899 Alfred the Great (Anglo-Saxon king) defeats Vikings; “land of the Angles” becomes England; 1016-Danish king Canute conquers England; 1042- Edward the Confessor takes the throne but dies without an heir • Norman Conquest- William the Conqueror invades England and faces Harold Godwinson (Anglo-Saxon); 1066-Battle of Hastings- Normans win. • William gives land to Norman lords who supported him. This leads to _________ government. • Henry II- marries Eleanor of Aquitaine from France; he now has land in France, making him a lord. Now he is also a vassal to the French King • common law- Henry introduces innovations in regard to the law: juries, traveling judges; eventually the precedents set by these cases become known as “common law”

  7. HAROLD BITES THE DUST WILLIAM INVADES ENGLAND

  8. ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE JOHN’S TOMB

  9. ENGLAND AND FRANCE DEVELOP • Henry is succeeded by his son Richard I “The Lionheart”. When he is killed, John takes over. His nickname? “Softsword” • Magna Carta- June 15, 1215, John is forced to sign the Great Charter or Magna Carta. Guarantees certain basic rights • Parliament- Edward I needed to raise taxes so he called a meeting of burgesses and knights. This became the “Model Parliament”. Two houses evolved: the House of Lords(nobles and bishops) and the House of Commons (wealthy landowners and knights); How did Parliament not turn out as Edward had originally intended?

  10. MAGNA CARTA

  11. JOHN SIGNS THE MAGNA CARTA

  12. ENGLAND AND FRANCE DEVELOP • Hugh Capet begins the Capetian dynasty; key to the dynasty= Paris • Philip II picked on King John of England and increased French territory • Philip IV- adds Third Estate to Estates-General because of feud with the Pope

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