The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790–1860

1. Chapter 15 The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790–1860

2. Question The Second Great Awakening • transformed the place of religion in American life and sent a generation of believers out on their missions to perfect the world. • relied on reason rather than revelation, on science rather than the Bible. • held that God existed in only one person (hence unitarian), and not in the orthodox Trinity. • rejected prison reform, the temperance cause, the women’s movement, and the crusade to abolish slavery.

3. Answer The Second Great Awakening • transformed the place of religion in American life and sent a generation of believers out on their missions to perfect the world. (correct) • relied on reason rather than revelation, on science rather than the Bible. • held that God existed in only one person (hence unitarian), and not in the orthodox Trinity. • rejected prison reform, the temperance cause, the women’s movement, and the crusade to abolish slavery. Hint: See page 340.

4. Question All of the following were true of Brook Farm EXCEPT • it inspired the brotherly and sisterly cooperation of about twenty intellectuals, committed to the philosophy of transcendentalism. • it prospered reasonably well until 1846, when it lost, by fire, a large new communal building shortly before its completion. • the venture in “plain living and high thinking” lasted until well after the Civil War. • the Brook Farm experiment inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel, TheBlithedale Romance.

5. Answer All of the following were true of Brook Farm EXCEPT • it inspired the brotherly and sisterly cooperation of about twenty intellectuals, committed to the philosophy of transcendentalism. • it prospered reasonably well until 1846, when it lost, by fire, a large new communal building shortly before its completion. • the venture in “plain living and high thinking” lasted until well after the Civil War. (correct) • the Brook Farm experiment inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel, The Blithedale Romance. Hint: See page 354.

6. Question All of the following were true of the Mormons EXCEPT • it was a native American product, a new religion, destined to spread its influence worldwide. • their individualistic sect antagonized rank-and-file Americans, who were dedicated to cooperative free enterprise. • accusations of polygamy likewise arose and increased in intensity, for Joseph Smith was reputed to have several wives. • under the rigidly disciplined management of Brigham Young, the community became a prosperous frontier theocracy and a cooperative commonwealth.

7. Answer All of the following were true of the Mormons EXCEPT • it was a native American product, a new religion, destined to spread its influence worldwide. • their individualistic sect antagonized rank-and-file Americans, who were dedicated to cooperative free enterprise. (correct) • accusations of polygamy likewise arose and increased in intensity, for Joseph Smith was reputed to have several wives. • under the rigidly disciplined management of Brigham Young, the community became a prosperous frontier theocracy and a cooperative commonwealth. Hint: See pages 343–344.

8. Question The American Temperance Society did all of the following EXCEPT • implored drinkers to sign the temperance pledge. • organized children’s clubs, known as the “Cold Water Army.” • made effective use of pictures, pamphlets, and lurid lecturers, some of whom were reformed drunkards. • decreased the efficiency of labor.

9. Answer The American Temperance Society did all of the following EXCEPT • implored drinkers to sign the temperance pledge. • organized children’s clubs, known as the “Cold Water Army.” • made effective use of pictures, pamphlets, and lurid lecturers, some of whom were reformed drunkards. • decreased the efficiency of labor. (correct) Hint: See page 350.

10. Question The Maine Law legislated • abolitionism. • social purity. • penitentiary reform. • temperance.

11. Answer The Maine Law legislated • abolitionism. • social purity. • penitentiary reform. • temperance. (correct) Hint: See page 351.

12. Question The most important document to emerge from the Convention at Seneca Falls was a • “Declaration of Independence.” • “Declaration of Sentiments.” • “Declaration of the Rights of Man.” • “Declaration of Secession.”

13. Answer The most important document to emerge from the Convention at Seneca Falls was a • “Declaration of Independence.” • “Declaration of Sentiments.” (correct) • “Declaration of the Rights of Man.” • “Declaration of Secession.” Hint: See page 352.

14. Question All of the following were true of Transcendentalism EXCEPT it • resulted in part from a liberalizing of the straightjacket Puritan theology. • advocated the prevailing theory, derived from John Locke, that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses. • owed much to foreign influences, including the German romantic philosophers and the religions of Asia. • posited that every person possesses an inner light that can illuminate the highest truth and put him or her in direct touch with God, or the “Oversoul.”

15. Answer All of the following were true of Transcendentalism EXCEPT it • resulted in part from a liberalizing of the straightjacket Puritan theology. • advocated the prevailing theory, derived from John Locke, that all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses. (correct) • owed much to foreign influences, including the German romantic philosophers and the religions of Asia. • posited that every person possesses an inner light that can illuminate the highest truth and put him or her in direct touch with God, or the “Oversoul.” Hint: See page 361.

16. Question The Oneida Community practiced all of the following EXCEPT • Polyandry (multiple husbands). • free love (“complex marriage”). • birth control (through “male continence,” or coitus reservatus). • eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring.

17. Answer The Oneida Community practiced all of the following EXCEPT • Polyandry (multiple husbands). (correct) • free love (“complex marriage”). • birth control (through “male continence,” or coitus reservatus). • eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring. Hint: See page 354.

18. Question All of the following were members of the Hudson River School EXCEPT • Gilbert Stuart. • Louis Daguerre. • Charles Willson Peale. • John Trumbull.

19. Answer All of the following were members of the Hudson River School EXCEPT • Gilbert Stuart. • Louis Daguerre. (correct) • Charles Willson Peale. • John Trumbull. Hint: See page 359.

20. Question Minstrel shows featured all of the following EXCEPT • Evangelist preachers. • white actors with blackened faces. • rhythmic and nostalgic “darky” tunes. • “Dixie.”

21. Answer Minstrel shows featured all of the following EXCEPT • Evangelist preachers. (correct) • white actors with blackened faces. • rhythmic and nostalgic “darky” tunes. • “Dixie.” Hint: See page 360.