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Questions 1 -5

Questions 1 -5. General Introductory Stuff. 1. Overview of Metabolism. Which of the following is an ANABOLIC reaction which occurs in humans? Net fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrate Hydrolysis of DNA into nucleotides Proteolysis Glycogenolysis Lipogenesis. 15 4 6 11 186.

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Questions 1 -5

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  1. Questions 1 -5 General Introductory Stuff

  2. 1. Overview of Metabolism • Which of the following is an ANABOLIC reaction which occurs in humans? • Net fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrate • Hydrolysis of DNA into nucleotides • Proteolysis • Glycogenolysis • Lipogenesis 15 4 6 11 186 ANABOLIC BUT NOT IN HUMANS CATABOLIC CATABOLIC CATABOLIC ANABOLIC

  3. 2. ATP • Which statement is most CORRECT? • 1 kg of human tissue, on average, contains somewhere between 0.5 and 5 mg ATP • In a healthy cell, the [ATP] is always much less than the [ADP] • The total adenine nucleotide pool ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) in cells is about 5 mM • ATP can be produced in the mitochondria of liver cells and transported in the blood for use by the muscle • At room temperature, a 5 mM solution of ATP will completely hydrolyse into ADP and phosphate within 1 minute. 50 g in a person, turnover 65 kg/day 13 10 179 11 7 ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM ATP = 4.8, ADP = 0.2, AMP in uM ATP doesn’t move out of cells ATP is stable

  4. 3. General FA oxidation • Which statement about fatty acid oxidation is CORRECT? • Carnitine is a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows fatty acids to enter from the bloodstream • Fatty acids are covalently attached to Coenzyme A during the FAD/NAD catalysed oxidation reactions • The oxidation reactions involving FAD/NAD occur only in the cytoplasm • Fatty acids attached to Coenzyme A can move freely across the mitochondrial membrane • Carnitine is consumed (two carbons at a time) during fatty acid oxidation carnitine small molecule, transport across inner mito membrane fatty acid oxidation is on FA-CoA 11 186 11 11 2 everything is in the mitochondria CoA is the ultimate trapper! carnitine recycled – passes back into cytoplasm

  5. 4. Compartmentation • Which process occurs in the CYTOPLASM? • Conversion of fatty acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA • Conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA • Conversion of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to citrate • Conversion of acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies ATP fatty acid oxidation – mitochondrial 16 156 6 16 23 Fatty acid synthesis - Cytoplasm pyruvate dehydrogenase – mitochondrial Krebs Cycle – mitochondrial ketone body formation – liver mitochondrial

  6. 5. General Krebs Cycle • Which description of the operation of the Krebs Cycle is MOST CORRECT? • The cycle turns acetyl-CoA into ATP • The pathway is located in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria • The cycle reacts fuel molecules with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide • The cycle generates CoA and NADH • Most of the ATP in the cell is made directly by enzymes of the Krebs Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation. not directly. but GTP made! 7 14 32 144 21 only matrix and inner mito memb oxygen doesn’t come in ‘till electron transport acetyl CoA in, CoA and lots of Hs out most ATP made by oxidative phosphorylation

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