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The Rights of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children

The Rights of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children. Research Resources & Strategies. Lyonette Louis-Jacques. D’Angelo Law Library University of Chicago Law School October 16, 2012. Unaccompanied Children: U.S. Immigration Law. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS)

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The Rights of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children

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  1. The Rights of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children Research Resources & Strategies Lyonette Louis-Jacques D’Angelo Law Library University of Chicago Law School October 16, 2012

  2. Unaccompanied Children: U.S. Immigration Law • U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) • Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), updated to 2010 • Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA, 2008)(via state.gov) • MOUs (e.g. state child protection agencies w/ Mexican consulate on children of Mexican nationals) • Standards for the Custody, Placement and Care; Legal Representation; and Adjudication of Unaccompanied Alien Children in the United States (ABA Commission on Immigration 2004 guidelines) • State child welfare legislation (NCSL) • Immigration law: Study Aids, Treatises • Immigration law research guide: Georgetown; CALI lesson

  3. Unaccompanied Chidren: U.S. Agencies and Organizations • U.S. DOJ, Executive Office for Immigration Review (2008 guidelines) • U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) • Division of Unaccompanied Children’s Services ((DUCS) • Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) • Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM) • The Young Center for Immigrant Children’s Rights (Resources) • Immigrant Children’s Protection Project, National Immigrant Justice Center (Heartland Alliance) • Detention and Asylum Program, Women’s Refugee Commission • Forced from Home (October 2012, children fleeing violence in Central America) • Migration Policy Institute (MPI) • Unaccompanied Minors and Their Journey through the US Immigration System (2012, video) • National Center for Refugee and Immigrant Children (USCRI) • Unaccompanied Children Program, Vera Institute of Justice • Kids in Need of Defense (KIND)

  4. Conducting country of origin research • CIA World Factbook(and current news sources) • IRB Canada’s Country Factsheets/National Documentation Packages • DOS: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices; Trafficking in Persons Report; religious freedom; child labor • Country reports (multiple links via the Int’l Human Rights ERG) • Africa • Anglophone, francophone; Africa, northern, western • Eritrea, Mali, Rwanda • Americas • Central America, Latin America, North America, South America • Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador • Mexico • Asia • China (East Asia) • India (South Asia) • Europe

  5. How to find foreign child protection laws, Pt. 1 • Representing Children Worldwide (Yale, 2005) • Sources of law: Civil, family, children, minors codes; official gazettes of law (Government Gazettes Online) • Country child welfare, justice agencies (minors, children) • Children’s Rights (Library of Congress; Int’l, China, Mexico) • Children’s Rights (Human Rights Watch) • NGO/IGO publications • E.g. Harmonisation of Children’s Laws in Eritrea(2006, PDF), Mali, Rwanda (ACERWC/The African Child Policy Forum) • Child-Friendly Laws in Africa (ACPF)

  6. How to find foreign child protection laws, Pt. 2 • General research guides • Foreign Law Guide (Tom Reynolds & Arturo Flores, $) • Subjects: Family, Criminal (for juvenile justice, sexual abuse) • No entry for Eritrea • Globalex (includes Eritrea) • Guide to Law Online (Law Library of Congress; includes Eritrea) • Basic Guide to Researching Foreign Law (Mary Rumsey: Globalex; see also her CALI lesson)

  7. How to find foreign child protection laws, Pt. 3 • Databases • Subscription ($) • Manupatra(India) • vLex(China, India, Mexico) • Mexico Civil Code Annotated (MEXCIVCODE via Westlaw) • ChinaLawInfo/LawInfoChina, Westlaw China • LexisNexis (China, India, Mexico) • Free • AfricanLII • WorldLII • GLIN (Global Legal Information Network)(currently not available) • RefWorld (UNHCR) • Migration Law Database (IOM)

  8. How to find books & other works • Library catalog, Lens, WorldCat • Alternate terms: “separated children”, “minor migrants”, minors, adolescents, youth, juveniles • LC Subject Headings • Immigrant children – Legal status, laws, etc. – [region, country] • Unaccompanied refugee children – Legal status, laws, etc. • Refugee children – Legal status, laws, etc. – [region, country] • Asylum, Right of – [region, country] • Children’s rights – [region, country] • Child welfare – [region, country]

  9. Selected Books & Reports • Forced from Home: The Lost Boys and Girls of Central America (Women’s Refugee Commission, 2012) • Unaccompanied Children Backgrounder (children in immigration detention in the U.S.) • The Flow of Unaccompanied Children through the Immigration System: a Resource for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers (Vera Institute of Justice, 2012) • Unaccompanied Immigrant Children: A Growing Phenomenon with Few Easy Solutions (Migration Information Source, 2011) • Halfway Home: Unaccompanied Children in Immigration Custody (WRC, 2009) • Unaccompanied Children in the United States: A Literature Review(Vera Institute of Justice, 2008) • Seeking Asylum Alone: Unaccompanied Separated Children and Refugee Protection in the U.S. (Jacqueline Bhabha& Susan Schmidt, 2006) • Protecting Unaccompanied Immigrant and Refugee Children in the United States (Human Rights, 2005) • Law of Asylum in the United States (Deborah E. Anker, 2011 ed. Westlaw)

  10. How to find journal articles • Journal and News Articles • Finding Journal Articles (including international news) • Finding Law Journal Articles • Peace Palace Library Catalogue • Finding Non-Law Journal Articles (including news) • Articles Plus • Sociological Abstracts • Social Work Abstracts • Child Development and Adolescent Studies • African Studies, East Asian Studies, Latin American Studies, Southern Asian Studies LibGuides • UN News, Reliefweb, Factiva, Facts on File, Keesing’s Record of World Events • Children’s rights journals

  11. International regime, Pt. 1 • ASIL Electronic Resource Guide: International Human Rights (also the Introduction) • U.S. treaties with country of origin (HeinOnline (TIF, UST), LexisNexis, Westlaw, United Nations) • International Legal Research in a Nutshell (Reserve) • Convention on the Rights of the Child • Articles 9, 10, 11, 19, 22 (refugee children, unaccompanied), 33 (sexual exploitation and sexual abuse), 35 (trafficking), 38 (armed conflict) • University of Minnesota Human Rights Library • Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) • General Comments (see No.6), Concluding Observations • OHCHR: Human Rights Issues: Children • Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) • UN Treaty Bodies Database • Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

  12. International regime, Pt. 2 • Official Document System (ODS, UN) • African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Union) • Hague Convention for the Protection of Children • Organization of American States (OAS): Children • Inter-American Children's Institute • IACR—Rapporteurship on the Rights of the Child • Inter-American Convention on the International Return of Children • Anti-Trafficking in Persons Section

  13. International regime, Pt. 3 • Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (PDF) • International Organization for Migration • IML Information Note on the Protection of Unaccompanied Migrant Children (2011) • Unicef (Child Protection; InnocentiChildren’s Rights) • Combating Child Trafficking: Handbook for Parliamentarians (2005) • Child Protection: A Handbook for Parliamentarians (2004) • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR, UN Refugee Agency) • Detention Guidelines (2012; 9.2, Children) • Regional Conference on Migration (RCM), Regional Guidelines for the Assistance to Unaccompanied Children in Cases of Repatriation (2009) • Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child (2008) • Guidelines on Policies and Procedures in Dealing with Unaccompanied Children Seeking Asylum (1997)

  14. CRC legislative history • Legislative History of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (OHCHR, 2007)English: Part I and Part II • Sharon Detrick, A Commentary on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1999)

  15. Non-governmental organizations • Human Rights Watch: Children’s Rights • NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child • Center for Gender and Refugee Studies (CGRS) • Refugee Caselaw Site (University of Michigan) • Child Rights International Network (CRIN) • CRC in Court: Case-Law Database • Refugees and Unaccompanied Children • CRC Article 22 • Laws on refugees and unaccompanied children • General Comment no.6: Treatment of unaccompanied and separated children outside of their country of origin • Refugee and Displaced Children: Rough Guide to International Law and Standards

  16. Child trafficking • Trafficking in Persons Report (U.S. Dept. of State) • The Protection Project • Child Migration Research Network (UK) • Human Trafficking (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)) • Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2009) • Human Trafficking Case Law Database • Human Trafficking Indicators (for children)

  17. Questions? Ask A Law Librarian! Lyonette Louis-Jacques llou@uchicago.edu

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