1 / 12

How to Stay in Power

How to Stay in Power. Supporters of Pres. Mubarak during the Egyptian presidential campaign, fall 2005. Photo: Yahoo news. Building & Maintaining a Single-Party Regime in Egypt. Map of Egypt. 5 Points to Note. 1) Cohesive sense of identity Political entity since 3200 BC 77 million people

gail-martin
Télécharger la présentation

How to Stay in Power

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. How to Stay in Power Supporters of Pres. Mubarak during the Egyptian presidential campaign, fall 2005. Photo: Yahoo news Building & Maintaining a Single-Party Regime in Egypt

  2. Map of Egypt

  3. 5 Points to Note 1) Cohesive sense of identity • Political entity since 3200 BC • 77 million people • Arab/Egyptian • 90-94% Sunni Muslim 6-10% Coptic Christian 2) Resources Above, children in Cairo. Left, The Egyptian Museum. A view of Cairo.

  4. 3) Administrative Experience • Muhammad Ali, 1805-1848 (governor) • reform program • refashioned the armed forces • reorganized administration • installed centralized bureaucracy • changed patterns of landholding • sustained diplomatic and commercial contact with Europe Muhammad Ali of Egypt. Source: Encarta.com

  5. 4) British colonialism & imperialism • French invasion, 1798 • integration into global market, late 1800s • 1869: construction and opening of Suez Canal in • 1882: British invasion and occupation • 1923 Constitutional Monarchy 5) Some history of democratic governance (1923-1952) • 10 parliamentary elections • Wafd Party • Problems: mostly rural, illiterate electorate, external intervention

  6. Creating the one-party state: foundations • 1952 Egyptian Revolution (Gamal Abd al-Nasser) “Can I ask you a question: what is democracy? We were supposed to have a democratic system during the period 1923 to 1953. But what good was this democracy to our people? I will tell you. Landowners and Pashas ruled our people. They used this kind of a democracy as an easy tool for the benefits of a feudal system.” - Nasser, 1957 interview, quoted in Roger Owen (2000, p. 149)

  7. Egypt: Government Structure (since 2005) President (Hosni Mubarak) National Assembly (444 members) Emergency State Security Courts Supreme Constitutional Court National Democratic Party (NDP)

  8. Maintaining the one-party state: methods

  9. Fight external enemies & promote nationalism • western imperialism & the Arab-Israeli conflict • 1958 Suez Canal Crisis • 1967 Six Day War • 1973 October/Yom Kippur War • 1978/79 Camp David Accords • Palestinian nationalism Pres. Nasser kicks Israel into the sea. A cartoon published in Lebanon in the run-up to the 1967 Six-day war. From Wikipedia.com. Israeli tanks in the Golan heights, 1973.

  10. Promises of Prosperity • Arab socialism under Nasser • nationalization • Infitah - Open Door • Economic Development • Foreign aid • $3 billion annually • $1 billion from U.S. Source: The Economist

  11. Carefully managed dissent • Rigged elections • Carefully managed opposition Supporters of the Kefaya (Enough) movement in recent demonstrations.

  12. Fear & Repression • Emergency Law • Restrictions on freedom of expression, activity • Detainment & imprisonment • Targets: Islamic activists, civil rights activists, homosexuals, • Torture • Inadequate investigations • Social Atomization & Alienation • The Mugammah One method of torture in Egypt, as reported by Amnesty International. I was unable to ascertain the original source of the picture.

More Related