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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Reconstruction of plate movement: (http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html). Ridge push. Slab pull. Ridge push. Slab pull. Seismic tomography of Tonga region (Zhao et al, 1997). e.g. Andes. Types of subduction zones. Subduction under

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics

  2. Reconstruction of plate movement: (http://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.html)

  3. Ridge push Slab pull

  4. Ridge push

  5. Slab pull Seismic tomography of Tonga region (Zhao et al, 1997)

  6. e.g. Andes Types of subduction zones Subduction under a volcanic arc / an active margin e.g. Japan

  7. Driving force ?

  8. Layered thermal convection in the Earth’s Mantle (Brigit Schroeder, David A. Yuen, and Zhou Hua) http://banzai.msi.umn.edu/dave/index.html

  9. How does it work ?

  10. Plate animation BEGIN 2000 x 600 km

  11. Continental rifting

  12. Continental rifting

  13. Ocean opening

  14. Ocean opening

  15. Onset of subduction zones subduction zones

  16. Progressing subduction + ocean opening subduction zones

  17. Progressing subduction + ocean opening subduction zones

  18. Progressing subduction + ocean stable subduction zones

  19. Steady subduction + ocean stable subduction zones

  20. Steady subduction + ocean stable subduction zones

  21. Steady subduction + ocean stable subduction zones

  22. Retreating subduction + ocean closing subduction zones

  23. Retreating subduction + ocean closing subduction zones

  24. Retreating subduction + ocean closing subduction zones

  25. Retreating subduction + ocean closing subduction zones

  26. Plate animation END The End subduction zones

  27. What processes are involved ?

  28. 400oC Lithosphere 800oC 1400oC 1200oC Slab push 1400oC Slab pull 1600oC Asthenosphere Hot mantle upwelling Numerical model: 1600 x 600 km Sediments Oceanic crust Continental crust 200oC 400oC Overriding plate Lithosphere 600oC 800oC THERMOMECHANICAL GEODYNAMIC MODEL Subducting slab 1000oC Asthenosphere Plate boundary region: 370 x 200km

  29. Animation 1 “No weak zone”

  30. 400oC 0.0 Myr 800oC 1200oC Initial Configuration 890x470 km 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC 370x200km

  31. 400oC 0.2 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  32. 400oC 0.3 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  33. 400oC 0.5 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  34. 400oC 0.8 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  35. 400oC 1.8 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  36. 400oC 2.8 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  37. 400oC 3.5 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  38. 400oC 4.3 Myr 800oC 1200oC Subduction 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  39. 400oC 5.0 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  40. 400oC 5.8 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  41. 400oC 6.6 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  42. 400oC 7.3 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  43. 400oC 8.0 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  44. 400oC 8.7 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  45. 400oC 9.3 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  46. 400oC 10.0 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  47. 400oC 10.7 Myr 800oC 1200oC Collision + Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  48. 400oC 11.4 Myr 800oC 1200oC Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

  49. 400oC 12.1 Myr 800oC 1200oC Delamination 200oC 400oC 600oC 800oC 1000oC 1200oC

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