1 / 29

RESCOPAR What is it about? Rebuilding res ilience of co astal p opulations and a quatic r esources

RESCOPAR What is it about? Rebuilding res ilience of co astal p opulations and a quatic r esources. Paul van Zwieten. Coastal areas: characterisation. Highly productive Heavily populated Highly subject to changes Many users = Competing Claims. Coastal areas SE Asia: changes ….

gale
Télécharger la présentation

RESCOPAR What is it about? Rebuilding res ilience of co astal p opulations and a quatic r esources

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RESCOPAR What is it about?Rebuilding resilience of coastal populations and aquatic resources Paul van Zwieten

  2. Coastal areas: characterisation • Highly productive • Heavily populated • Highly subject to changes • Many users = Competing Claims

  3. Coastal areas SE Asia: changes … • …are drastic and at astonishing speed • Unclear if • Reversible or irreversible • Desired, unavoidable, regrettable • Related to changes in • Economic activity • Lifestyle • Livelihoods • Changes occur without concurrent adjustment of regulatory frameworks (care of potential risks)

  4. Coastal areas: changes leading to… • Impacts on states of nature, natural resources • Impacts on socio-ecological systems • Resilience decreases • Vulnerability increases (example: Tsunami effects)

  5. Example: fish based livelihoods in mangrove forested areas Mekong Delta Mahakam Delta

  6. ~70% mangrove converted Mahakam Delta change since 1980: regime shift? Source: Bourgeois et al, 2002 - TotalFinaElf

  7. Shift caused by economic drivers/opportunities • Oil/gas exploration • Trawl ban • Investments • Monetary crisis Indonesia But also • Migration of poor Bugis: risk takers … • Mangroves as empty space ... • Weak government institutions • No intensification because of diseases • …..

  8. Shift form fishery to aquaculture, but … Impacts on ... feedback from … Nature Livelihoods Global trade Increased income from aquatic resources, and …

  9. Cyclic process of: clearance, farming, abandoning Impacts … feedback … from nature • Shifts towards more resilient species with high turnover rates • 4 -10 years after boom in pond development • Decrease wild shrimp productivity in ponds over time • Increase in viral disease incidence

  10. Livelihoods: social, economic resilience? • After rapid exploitation phase now time to worry about the future (conservation phase?) • Window of opportunity to adapt to changes and invest in the future? • Fishermen • Mangrove destruction  reduced biodiversity • Reduced biodiversity  shifts fishery • Shrimp farmers: • increased land conflicts, erosion, decreased pond productivity, reduced biodiversity

  11. Global trade and information flows? • Drivers of change • Globalized economy (Western demand shrimp) • Decisions of farmers based on information flows from global scales • 60% shrimp exports East Kalimantan (Europe, Japan) comes from Mahakam Delta • Upward mobility shrimp-farmers • Risks • Auditing systems for quality certificates

  12. Similarities – differences shrimp culture Ca Mau • Similarities • Fast increase in pond area • Ecological impacts? • Small scale ponds, large scale in total area • Global markets • Differences • More regulated conversion • More sophisticated systems • Higher production/ha (~2x) • More diseases Kalimantan Ca Mau

  13. Policy objectives ~ RESCOPAR • Can we increase resilience coastal populations ? • Fish based livelihoods • What do we need to do? • Scenario development: sustainability directions, protection mangroves • How do we need this to do? • Multidisciplinary analysis of interactions between • Global shrimp trade  regulatory framework • Local livelihood decisions  potential to adapt to changes and feedbacks • Mariculture practices  innovative shrimp health management • Coastal ecosystem  innovative shrimp pond-mangrove forest management

  14. RESCOPAR research questions • What processes affect the resilience of coastal areas • ecological and social • mangrove forested ecosystems? • How do decision-making processes at different socio-political and spatial scales affect the use, management and conservation of living aquatic resources?

  15. RESCOPAR - considerations • Change is not linear • Conservation and management efforts in a continuing changing environment affected by • Global trade • Local decisions – development pathways • Change from frontier mentality to a mentality of “care about the future”

  16. 4. Governance 3. Livelihoods 2. Shrimp health & life support system 1. Coastal ecosystems Governance arrangements facilitating change in aquatic natural resource use Trade-offs and feedbacks in resource use patterns, institutions and livelihoods Spatial interactions and resilience of shrimp pond-mangrove forest ecosystems Spatial arrangements and temporal changes of human activities (fisheries, aquaculture) in coastal ecosystems Four research themes

  17. Research themes: summary • Analysing and visualising impacts on the coastal aquatic ecosystem • Observing, experimenting and modelling on mariculture systems • Analysing resource use patterns, institutions and livelihoods • Analysing interventions at policy level and governance arrangements

  18. Nine PhD projects • Aquatic ecosystem • AFI-GRS-CTU Trade-offs in coastal fisheries production, mangrove structure and extent and shrimp-culture in Ca Mau province:a spatial modeling approach Vietnam • RES- A&F- WWF Marine protected areas, shrimp farms and coastal fisheries in the Berau Delta, East Kalimantan: linkages through cascading effects. Indonesia • Mariculture systems • QVE-AFI-VIR-CTU Spatial spread and virulence development of White Spot Syndrome Virus in cultured shrimp, Ca Mau Vietnam • QVE-AFI-VIR-CTU Disease transmission of White Spot Syndrome Virus in cultured shrimp, ca Mau Vietnam • AFI-AEW-UNMUL Mechanistic analysis and (possible) optimisation of management measures on pond level and adjacent mangrove forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia • Livelihoods • LAW-RDS-CTU Decision-making and change in coastal fish-based livelihoods in Ca Mau Vietnam • AFI-RDS-LAW-UNMUL Decision-making and livelihoods in East Kalimantan Indonesia • Governance arrangements • ENP-LAW-CTUGlobal and local governance in CZM in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam • RDS-ENP-UNMUL-IBPCoastal governance between decentralisation and trans-national forces in Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia

  19. Comparative • Two research areas: • East Kalimantan: site(s) in Mahakam and Berau? • Mekong Delta: site(s) in Ca Mau? • Differences/similarities in characteristics to be described for each of the four themes • Rationale: • Vietnamese case alternative for Kalimantan ? • Learning moment from comparison ?

  20. Interdisciplinarity • concept development through workshops • common framework development by common courses • Final Result/Deliverable: RESCOPAR book

  21. RESCOPAR Research challengesRebuilding resilience of coastal populations and aquatic resources Paul van Zwieten

  22. 1: Spatial management in coastal zone • Spatial assessment of mangrove-coastal productivity-fisheries links • Relation spatial patterns of mangroves to coastal shrimp production • Use of fishery information to assess change in coastal productivity

  23. Fishing as an ecological process Resulting effort allocation Variables Engine capacity, cost of fishing Species categories Weather, bathymetry

  24. Spatial insight in exploitation & impacts of coastal change Assessment of exploitation patterns – impacts coastal change Variables: space-time scales, availability Effort and catch distribution

  25. P.J. Walker, Australia 1993 1993 1991/92 1999 1993 1993 1994 2: Health and resilience of shrimp life-support system • Variables in management of shrimp farming to optimize the balance with the coastal ecosystem • Factors driving shrimp health and production in the coastal environment • Strategic decisions to manage shrimp ponds/industry to prevent outbreaks of WSSV disease

  26. 3: Trade-offs and feedbacks in resource use patterns, institutions and livelihoods • Factors influencing decision-making in local fishery based livelihoods • Decisive environmental feedbacks in decisions to change livelihoods • Significance of aggregated decisions for pond management & the allocation of fishing effort

  27. Global Regional National Commodities Information Provincial District Commune Household Individual Local 4: Global food governance & environmental management • Influences global processes on local management • Linking social and ecological factors within market-based governance in transitional economies • Spatial analysis - presentation processes/ flows between scales • Potential for auditing systems to assess social-ecological resilience

  28. Research challenge RESCOPAR program • Sharing and exchange of knowledge • Provision information for decision makers to understand trade-offs in resource use • Facilitation of participatory and transparent decisions making • Elucidation of position of stakeholders with regard to management tools and interventions

  29. End …. beginnning … © Wageningen UR

More Related