Unit #3 Exam Review Quiz

1. Unit #3 Exam Review Quiz Grade: «grade» «subject» Subject: «date» Date:

2. 1 Which of the following describes a microbe's prime niche A An environment that has a high amount of competition for resources B An environment that has enough nutrients for the microbe to survive C An environment that has enough nutrients for the microbe to thrive D An environment that lacks any usable nutrients and is inhospitable to microbes

3. 2 Which of the following describes the behavior of a hydrophobic substance: A A solution that easily mixes into salt water B A salt sample is added to fresh water & it quickly dissolves C A solution is added to a water sample and the solution floats on top of the water D A large sample of sugar is added to fresh water, but does not dissolve until heat is applied to the mixture

4. 3 A community is made up of A a group of populations B a group of individuals C a group of organisms D a group of biomes

5. 4 Which of the following is NOT released by hydrothermal vents A heat B cold, desalinated water C calcium ions D iron ions

6. 5 All of the following are true about chlorine & chlorime byproducts (DBPs) EXCEPT: A it can destroy bacteria, viruses, and difficult to kill parasites such as Giardia B there is evidence that the byproducts of chlorine can cause birth defects C it can cause large/accelerated gestational age/growth D it can cause neural tube defects

7. 6 A bacterium that undergoes a period of severe stress will form a ________ to keep its offspring alive. A cyst B capsid C oocyst D spore

8. 7 Which of the following letters represent the same element/compound in the carbonate buffering system: A B and D B G and H C F and E D C and D

9. 8 Bioaccumulation can be defined as: A The amount of energy that is retained with each increasing level of the food chain is only 10% B 90% of the energy from the lower-levels of the food chain is l ost to the environment as thermal & other forms of energy C A substance building up in the tissues of organisms and increasing in toxicity up the food chain D A substance building up in the tissues of higher-level organisms & causing a toxic trickle-down effect on lower-level organisms

10. 9 The following image demonstrates: A high species richness but low abundance B high species abundance but low richness C high species richness and high species abundance D low species richness and low species abundance

11. 10 Which of the following is FALSE about thermal pollution: A An increase of temperature causes a decrease in DO B An increase in temperature yields an increase in secondary consumers C An increase in temperature causes an increase in bacterial growth D Thermal pollution is often a result of using water sources to cool water/equipment associated with power plants

12. 11 The difinitive host for Toxoplasmosis is: A humans B cats C sheep D cattle

13. 12 Which of the following is considered an indicator species: A daphnia B hydra C diatoms D amoebas

14. 13 What percent of aquatic species are considered benthic? A 5% B 25% C 60% D 98%

15. 14 The majority of water consumed by individuals as well as agriculture in the United States is: A Glacial melt B Groundwater C Permafrost D Desalinated ocean water

16. 15 Hydrophilic means A "water changing" B "water hating" C "water fearing" D "water loving"

17. 16 Out of the small percentage of the planet's water that is fresh water, what percent can be found in ground water sources such as aquifers: A 68% B 50% C 44% D 30%

18. 17 All of the following are ways that contaminants can get into a water supply, EXCEPT: A chemicals leaking from an underground waste storage tank B vapors leaking from a surface waste storage tank that condences into groundwater C pesticides running off from an industrial farm and travelling into a nearby river D multiple homes and businesses getting their well water from the same source of groundwater

19. 18 Which of the following is NOT a source of nitrates in water sources: A A leaky septic system B Runoff from an organic farm C Animal waste D Water plants & algae

20. 19 All of the following are reasons why bacteria form biofilms EXCEPT: A Bacteria excrete adhesive cells to a surface to prevent the colony from being swept away B Bacterial biofilms allow for colonies to grow large enough to prevent phagocytosis C Bacterial biofilms alter the BOD of a system to prevent asphyxiation of higher level organisms D Bacterial biofilms allow the organisms to remain in favorable niches

21. 20 Which of the following is primarily responsible for "fixing" carbon dioxide: A autotrophs B chemoautotrophs C heterotrophs D biopolymers

22. 21 All of the following are reasons why bioremediation is being pursued as a viable method of spill clean up, EXCEPT: A It is relatively cheap when compared to other methods B Microbes can easily break down xenobiotics C Non-mobile organisms such as plants can be used to remove contaminants without having to worry about losing track of your organisms. D Over 90% of materials that are considered hazardous can be biodegraded.

23. 22 Methemoglobinemia causes ________ to bind to _______, blocking the uptake of oxygen & causing problems such as “blue baby” syndrome. A Ammonium, myoglobin B Ammonia, hemoglobin C Nitrate, myoglobin D Nitrite, hemoglobin

24. 23 Prochlorococcus are A responsible for 90% of the net primary production B responsible for 50% of the net primary production C responsible for 50% of cellular respiration in the ocean D mostly barophilic

25. 24 CO32- is A carbonate B bicarbonate C carbonic acid D carbon dioxide

26. 25 Which of the following reactions is responsible for fixing nitrogen: A NH4+ --> NO2- B NO2- --> NO3- C NO3- --> N2 D N2 --> NH3

27. 26 At any given time 30% of the global population is infected with which of the following: A Trichinella B Platyhelminthes C Ascaris D Tapeworms

28. 27 Which of the following would thrive on a hydrothermal vent: A A psychrophilic bacterium B A psychrotolerant bacterium C A barophilic bacterium D A barotolerant bacterium

29. 28 Contamination of agricultural land by dissolved salts is problematic because: A The permeability of the agricultural soil is greatly reduced B The permeability of the agricultural soil is greatly increased C The permeability of water used for irrigation is greatly reduced D The permeability of water used for irrigation is greatly increased

30. 29 Microbes account for about ________% of all the biological mass on Earth. A 98% B 75% C 50% D 22%

31. 30 H2CO3 is A carbonate B bicarbonate C carbonic acid D carbon dioxide

32. 31 A molecule that will slow down a reaction/maintain a reaction, such as the carbonate system helping to maintain aquatic pH is known as A an acid B a base C a catalyst D a buffer

33. 32 HCO3- is A carbonate B bicarbonate C carbonic acid D carbon dioxide

34. 33 Which of the following is a likely result of a massive increase in biochemical oxygen demand of a body of water: A Asphyxiation of higher level organisms such as fish B Asphyxiation of photosynthetic organisms C An increase in higher level organisms such as fish D An increase in higher level organisms such as dolphins and whales

35. 34 Which of the following is reason why xenobiotics can be more difficult to break down naturally: A Xenobiotics were designed to increase our fuel efficiency, thus they burn well. B Xenobiotics are known to bioaccumulate in small bodies of water. C Xenobiotics are relatively cheap to clean up. D Xenobiotics have never existed in nature, thus there is no naturally occurring microbe to break it down.

36. 35 The following image demonstrates: A high species richness but low abundance B high species abundance but low richness C high species richness and high species abundance D low species richness and low species abundance

37. 36 You discover an Achaea bacteria that is both barophilic and psychrophilic. This organism’s prime niche is most likely: A At the bottom of the ocean near a hydrothermal vent B At the bottom of the ocean far away from a hydrothermal vent C On the surface water of the ocean near shore D On the surface water of the ocean away from the shore

38. 37 As carbonic acid becomes carbonate through the carbonate buffering system, which molecules are released A hydronium B hydroxide C carbonate D salt

39. 38 A reaction between an acid and a base will always form water and ________. A acid B base C salt D carbonate

40. 39 What is the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus that is ideal for bacterial growth: A 1:10:100 B 100:10:1 C 100:1:10 D 10:1:100

41. 40 Which of the following describes alkalinity: A A system’s ability to deal with the addition of a catalyst B A system’s ability to deal with the addition of hydroxide C The sum of all hydronium and hydroxide during the dissociation of water molecules D The sum of equivalents of all species that can neutralize an acid