Label the following pictures as Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism:

2. Bell Ringer: Complete the question and turn in your bell ringer in on the wooden shelf by the door!! • Label the following pictures as Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism:

3. Expectations • No talking…No warnings!! • Stay in your seat!! • Listen…you need this to graduate!!!

4. STAARS Structure • REPORTING CATEGORY 1 – 11 Questions • Cell structure/function • Reporting category 2 – 11 questions • mechanisms of genetics • Reporting category 3 – 10 questions • biological evolution and classification • Reporting category 4 – 11 questions • biological processes and systems

5. Scientific process skills • These skills will not be listed under a separate reporting category. Instead, they will be incorporated into at least 40% of the questions from categories 1-5.

6. Packet • Packet is divided into the different categories. • 1st page of each category is your “cheat sheet” • Notes follow the “cheat sheet”

7. Reporting Category 1 CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

8. OVERVIEW • The Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. • Cells contain organelles that perform he functions needed for life. • All cells must maintain homeostasis (balance). They function in a very narrow range of temperature, pH, O2, CO2, food, and waste.

9. Organelles: (A=Animal, P=Plant, B=Both) • In the spaces next to each organelle, write only the keywords that will help you recognize them on the test. Label each as Animal, Plant, or Both using the symbols above.

10. Nucleus (B) • Control center of the cell • Contains DNA • Responsible for carrying out all the functions of the cell • “Brain” of the cell • Keyword: Control Center; Brain of cell

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (B) • A.K.A. The “ER” • 2 Types: • Smooth • Rough = Ribosomes • Responsible for transporting proteins to their destinations • Keywords: Transports proteins

12. Chromatin (B) • Loose, unwound DNA • Only seen when the cell is NOT dividing • What does chromatin or DNA look like when cell divides? • Keywords: Loose unwound DNA; Cell not dividing

13. Cell Membrane (B) • AKA Phospholipid bilayer • Controls what enters and leaves the cell • Transports products into and out of the cell • Made up of 2 layers of lipids with proteins embedded • Keywords: Controls what enters and leaves cell

14. Cytoplasm (B) • Gel like filling of the cell that contains the organelles • Keywords: gel filling of cell

15. Cell Wall (P) • Stiff outside covering made of cellulose • Protects and supports plant cells • Keywords: Protects/supports cell

16. Centrioles (A) • Help in mitosis (cell reproduction) by organizing the spindle fibers that pull the chromosomes apart. • Keywords: Used in mitosis; Pulls chromosomes

17. Chloroplasts (P) • Double membrane sacs that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis • Keywords: chlorophyll; photosynthesis

18. Mitochondria (B) • Double membrane sacs that take food and oxygen to make it energy in the form of ATP • Keywords: Energy, ATP, Powerhouse

19. Ribosomes (B) • mRNA that was copied from DNA goes here to be translated into proteins • Keywords: Proteins; Protein Synthesis

20. Golgi Apparatus (B) • Stats of sacs that takes proteins from the ER and packages and modifies them • Keywords: Packages/Modifies proteins

21. Lysosomes (B) • sacs of digestive enzymes that break down and recycle particles • Keywords: Digests

22. Vacuoles (B) • Storage sacs for water, food, and dissolved substances. • They are large in plants and called a central vacuole • Keywords: Storage, water, nutrients

23. Bell Ringer!! • Have your packet out and ready to go! • No talking….No Warnings!! • You have 6 Days until the STAARS!!!!

24. Cell Processes

25. Cell Processes • Divided into 2 categories: • No Energy Needed • Energy Needed

26. No Energy Needed

27. Diffusion • Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

28. Osmosis • Movement of water across a membrane from high to low concentration

29. Osmosis • Hypertonic HIGH makes the cell DRY • Hypotonic LOW makes the cell GROW.

30. Facilitated Diffusion • Using a protein to move molecules from high to low concentrations

31. Energy Needed

32. Active Transport • Molecules move from low to highconcentration

33. Endocytosis/Exocytosis • Moving large molecules into or out of cell by enclosing them in a membrane

34. Check For Understanding

35. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

36. Prokaryotic • Simple cell (like bacteria) with no nucleus-just loop of DNA, ribosomes and a membrane, but no membrane bound organelles

37. Bacterial Cell Shapes Know the ones with the arrows only!!!!

38. Eukaryotic • cells (like yours) that contain a nucleus and many other organelles. **Remember…YOU are EUKARYOTIC

39. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic

40. Viruses vs. Bacteria

41. Viruses • Viruses are made of a protein coat (CAPSID) surrounding a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). • They are smaller than cells and need cells to replicate and translation to reproduce. • VIRUSES CAN’T BE HARMED BY ANTIBIOTICS. • Some can be stopped by vaccinations. Viruses attach using receptors on the cell surface.

42. Viruses Are Not Cells! Viruses Are Not Alive!

43. Virus Life Cycle

44. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

45. Mitosis • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase I.P.M.A.T

46. Turn to next page in your notes!

47. Interphase Cell Is Dividing Growth Growth DNA is Replicating

48. Prophase

49. Metaphase

50. Anaphase