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Metabolic Breakdown of Individual Amino Acids

Metabolic Breakdown of Individual Amino Acids. to Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates or their Precursors. Glucogenic Pyruvate – a -Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Fumarate Oxaloacetate. Ketogenic Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate. Products of Amino Acid Breakdown.

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Metabolic Breakdown of Individual Amino Acids

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  1. Metabolic Breakdown of Individual Amino Acids to Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates or their Precursors

  2. Glucogenic Pyruvate – a-Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Fumarate Oxaloacetate Ketogenic Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetate Products of Amino Acid Breakdown

  3. Animals cannot carryout net synthesis of precursors of gluconeogenesis from acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate

  4. Conversion of Pyruvate and Oxaloacetate to PEP(Gluconeogenesis)

  5. Degradation to Pyruvate Alanine, Cysteine, Glycine, Serine and Threonine

  6. Alanine

  7. Cysteine (Various Routes)

  8. Glycine, Threonine and Serine

  9. Glycine —> Serine Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase

  10. Formation of Glycine-PLP Schiff Base

  11. Formation of Ketimine

  12. Formation of Serine

  13. Threonine —> Serine Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase (PLP and C–C Bond Cleavage)

  14. Formation of Threonine-PLP Schiff Base

  15. Formation of Ketimine

  16. Formation of Serine

  17. Summary

  18. N5, N10-Methylene Tetrahydrofolate

  19. Source ofN5, N10-Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Glycine Cleavage System Glycine Decarboxylase Multienzyme Complex or Glycine Synthase (reverse direction)

  20. Glycine Cleavage System • P-Protein: PLP-dependent glycine decarboxylase • H-Protein: lipoamide-containing protein • T-Protein: THF-requiring enzyme • L-Protein: NAD+-dependent FAD-requiring dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

  21. Glycine Cleavage System (Formation of Glycine-PLP Schiff Base)

  22. Glycine Cleavage System(Decarboxylation and Transfer of 1-Carbon Unit)

  23. Glycine Cleavage System(Formation of N5, N10-Methylene THF)

  24. N5, N10-Methylene Tetrahydrofolate

  25. Elimination of Water from Serine Serine Dehydratase

  26. Serine Dehydratase(Formation of Serine-PLP Schiff Base)

  27. Serine Dehydratase(Formation of Aminoacrylate)

  28. Non-Enzymatic Step(Conversion of Aminoacrylate to Pyruvate)

  29. Summary

  30. Degradation to Oxaloacetate Asparagine and Aspartate

  31. Asparagine —> Aspartate —> Oxaloacetate

  32. Degradation to a-Ketoglutarate Arginine, Glutamate, Glutamine, Histidine and Proline

  33. Arginine and Proline

  34. Histidine

  35. N5-Formimino Tetrahydrofolate

  36. Glutamate and Glutamine

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