Orthopedics

1. Orthopedics • Is the study of the musculoskeletal system.

2. CTVT: pgs 676-677-Retractors and pgs 679-685 • Please review all information on orthopedic instruments. • You will be given an instrument identification exam over orthopedic instruments. • Please take time to study the orthopedic instruments here at school as well as in your book.

3. Orthopedic Surgery • Is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic, and overuse injuries and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons address most musculoskeletal ailments including arthritis, trauma and congenital deformities using both surgical and non-surgical means.

4. Double-action Ruskin rongeur-mechanically stronger than single-action. Single-action rongeur Kerrison rongeur Gun shaped appearance. Useful for spinal surgeries

5. Rongeurs: Close-up of tips. Used to cut small pieces of dense tissue such as bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue

6. The Musculoskeletal System consists of ?

7. Bones Joints Ligaments Tendons Muscles Nerves Cartilage Answer:

8. Wire cutters (left) and bone cutters (right). They look similar but should not be confused. Bone cutters have finer jaws.

9. Chisel Osteotomes and chisels are used to cut bone. Osteotomes and chisels are used by pounding on the flared end of the handle with a mallet. Mallet Osteotome

10. Orthopedics • Arthritis • Cruciate Ligament Rupture • Canine Hip Dysplasia • Intervertebral Disk Disease

11. Jacobs hand chuck or a power drill is required to insert pins into bone, and a pin cutter is necessary to cut it to the proper length. Key Steinmann pins aka Intramedullary (IM) pins Smaller pins= Kirschner wires or K wires Extension Pin Cutter

12. Bone-holding forceps. Left to right: Small Kern bone-holding forceps, large speed-lock forceps, large point-to-point forceps, small clamshell forceps.

13. Bone curettes of various sizes. Used to scrape hard tissue such as bone or cartilage. Notice the cuplike structure. These are used for bone grafts.

14. In general these instruments are called Periosteal elevators Freer elevator ¼ inch Key elevator Used to pry periosteum or muscle from the bone surface. They can have sharp or blunt edges and are available in various sizes.

15. Michel trephine This instrument is T-shaped and is used to remove a core of bone for biopsy. All of these instruments are very sharp. Use caution when handling them.

16. Orthopedic wire, wire twisters, wire cutters. Wire twisters look similar to needle holders but are more rugged and designed to withstand higher forces.

17. Various sizes of bone plates. Bone plates must be bent to match the curve of the bone and fastened to it with bone screws.

18. Bone screws

19. Bone plating equipment. Left to right: Drill guide, drill bit, depth gauge, tap sleeve (to prevent soft tissues from being caught on the bone tap), bone tap, and screwdriver.

20. External fixation is a means of stabilizing fractures using pins placed through the skin and bone. These pins are fixed to bars using special clamps.

22. CTVT: pgs. 820-821 • Please read over the following topics: • Canine Hip Dysplasia • Intervertebral Disc Disease

23. Canine Hip Dysplasia Hip dysplasia is an abnormal development and growth of the hip joint. Both hips are usually affected, but only one side may show symptoms. Hip dysplasia occurs primarily in dogs that have a mature body weight of over 30 pounds. Genetics and nutrition appear to important factors in these dogs.

25. Intervertebral Disk Disease • Breeds commonly affected: • Dachshunds • Pekingese • Cocker Spaniels • Poodles • Pugs • Beagles

26. Chondrodystrophoid • Any disorder of cartilage formation Intervertebral disk disease affects the spinal cord of chondrodystrophoid breeds at an earlier age than nonchondrodystrophoid breeds.

28. Orthopedic Terminology

29. What’s Next? • Fractures!