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Examples

Examples. Economics and EROEI for Conservation and Solar Power Systems. Low Flow Shower Heads. Simplified Energy and Cost Analysis. For Low Flow Shower Heads Typical household can save 40% per shower, or 9 gallons. Assume water temperature in is 70° F and heated to 120 ° F.

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Examples

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  1. Examples Economics and EROEI for Conservation and Solar Power Systems

  2. Low Flow Shower Heads

  3. Simplified Energy and Cost Analysis • For Low Flow Shower Heads • Typical household can save 40% per shower, or 9 gallons. Assume water temperature in is 70° F and heated to 120 ° F.

  4. Energy Saved Per Day • If cost is 8.3¢/kWh, yearly savings are Or $33/year

  5. Cost of shower head ≈$15, replaced by homeowner at no cost $ payback is Cost of Saved Energy= This is less than 1/10th the electricity

  6. Cost of Conservation Example Replace a standard A Lamp with a CFL Lamp. A Lamp uses 75 Watts, $0.50 CFL Lamp uses 20 Watts, $15 Price of Electricity 8.4¢/kWh A Lamp life 8 months (2/3 yr) CFL Lamp life 10 years

  7. Cost Difference in 10 years is: Reduction in Energy Cost per year if lamp operates 3hr/day on 1,100hr/yr Reduction in equipment cost Payback time

  8. Cost of Energy (simple)Energy Savings Cost Levelized cost (CCE) Effective discount rate, i =3% Life Time, t=10 yr CRF CCE

  9. Parabolic Collector Analysis Economics and Energy return on investment

  10. Energy investment is equal to • The energy return is • EROEI is • Energy recovery is 1.5 years for a life of 15 years the EROEI is 10:1

  11. CO2 Generation • To compare the production of CO2 from the combustion of fossil fuels with the CO2 production from solar energy conversion systems, we will calculate the amount of CO2 that is added to the atmosphere per unit of energy produced by each system. We will illustrate the calculation procedure first for a fossil energy system using coal as fuel.

  12. The basic stoichiometric equation for the combustion of coal is energy released • To calculate the amount of CO2 produced per unit of energy generated we need to know the energy released per unit of carbon, i.e., the heating value, and the percent carbon content of coal.

  13. Both heating value and carbon content vary slightly among the types of coal used in the U.S.A. We will demonstrate the methodology using bituminous type coal which is plentiful and widely used for power generation. We are given a heating value of 29MJ/kg of coal and a carbon content of 40% by weight for bituminous coal.

  14. With the data given, assuming complete combustion, one can obtain that the combustion of 1 kg of coal with 0.4 kg of carbon having a molecular weight of 12 yields 1.47 kg of CO2 while releasing 29 MJ of thermal energy.

  15. If the conversion efficiency of the heat of combustion to useful energy is 70% we find that coal-fired energy systems will generate 0.0016 moles of CO2 per kJ of useful heat delivered

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