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Democratic Politics 1820-1829

Democratic Politics 1820-1829. Universal Manhood Suffrage. Between the 1790’s – 1820’s Universal Manhood suffrage Eliminating religious qualifications lowering or abolishing property qualifications Vermont (1791) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796) Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818)

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Democratic Politics 1820-1829

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  1. Democratic Politics 1820-1829

  2. Universal Manhood Suffrage • Between the 1790’s – 1820’s • Universal Manhood suffrage • Eliminating religious qualifications • lowering or abolishing property qualifications • Vermont (1791) • Kentucky (1792) • Tennessee (1796) • Indiana (1816) • Illinois (1818) • Missouri (1821) • About 90% of white males can now vote! • Who can’t vote? • The other 10% males (usually landless poor) • Women • Slaves • Free blacks

  3. Voting Requirements in the Early 19th century

  4. A New Two Party System • White male suffrage increased • Led to • Party nominating committees/conventions (state level) • Voters chose Presidential electors • Popular political personalities as leaders • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Caucuses • Party platforms • 1824 = last single party election • By 1832 two parties: • Democrats • National Republicans (later Whigs)

  5. Election of 1824 Five Candidates Secretary of State John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts) Secretary of War John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) Secretary of Treasury William H. Crawford (Georgia) Speaker of the House Henry Clay (Kentucky) Senator Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)

  6. 4 way race (Calhoun drops out)

  7. Election of 1824 • John Quincy Adams • 108,740 popular votes (31%) • 84 electoral votes (32%) • William H. Crawford • 46,618 popular votes (13%) • 41 electoral votes (16%) • Had a stroke; was out of the race • Henry Clay • 47,136 popular votes (13%) • 37 electoral votes (14%) • Andrew Jackson • 153,544 popular votes (43%) • 99 electoral votes (38%) • Who is President? • Twelfth Amendment • The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote . . .

  8. Henry Clay and the “Corrupt Bargain” • President up to the House of Representatives • Each state = one vote • Henry Clay was Speaker • Didn’t like Jackson • Clay convinced New England and Ohio valley to support Adams • Adams is President; Clay Secretary of State • Corrupt Bargain?

  9. “Stolen” Election?

  10. John Quincy Adams: “Like Father, Like Son?”

  11. Adams Presidency • Goals • Protective tariffs • Internal improvements • National bank • National university in Washington D.C. • Western exploration • Standard weights and measures (metric) • National observatory • Very few goals met • Some: Adams “too aristocratic” • Adams: “above politics” • Some: Adams supported monied interests (Hamilton?) • Jackson: friends in Congress who refused support of Adams • Some internal improvements • National road

  12. Tariff of 1828 or theTariff of Abominations • Adams proposed “reform” • Increase tariffs on imports • Increase tariffs on raw materials • Reduced British imports • South: less cotton to Britain • Hurt southern economy

  13. Continued Southern issues • Adams supported tribal treaties • Georgia got Creek land • Adams and Georgia Governor George Troup argued over jurisdiction • Georgia threatened violence • Adams backed down

  14. Election of 1828 John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson • Democratic-Republican Party (Democrats) • Broad support (South, Chesapeake, Mid-Atlantic, west) • “Common Man” • Against NE financiers • National Republican Party • support in NE • “Corrupt Bargain” • Out of touch?

  15. Election of 1828

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