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11.3 Blood Vessels

11.3 Blood Vessels. Pages 487-494. Blood Vessels. 19 000 km . Arteries. Carry blood away from the heart 3-layers: Outer connective tissue (elastic) Middle muscle layer Inner epithelial layer (endothelium). Arterioles. Arteries branch into arterioles. Controlling blood flow.

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11.3 Blood Vessels

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  1. 11.3 Blood Vessels Pages 487-494

  2. Blood Vessels • 19 000 km

  3. Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart 3-layers: • Outer connective tissue (elastic) • Middle muscle layer • Inner epithelial layer (endothelium)

  4. Arterioles • Arteries branch into arterioles

  5. Controlling blood flow Vasodilation: Increases diameter of blood vessel Increased blood flow to the skin Cooling strategy

  6. Controlling Blood Flow Vasoconstriction • Nerves cause smooth muscle to contract • Narrowing of blood vessel diameter • Restricts blood flow • Response to cold

  7. Capillaries • No cell is farther than two cells away from a capillary. • Blood cells move through them in single file.

  8. Pre-capillary sphincters • Relax and increase blood flow during exercise

  9. Venules and veins • Return blood to the heart • Less elasticity in the walls • Less smooth muscles in the walls • Valves keep blood flowing in the right direction

  10. Varicose veins • Damaged valves in legs

  11. Blood pressure • Sphygmomanometer • Blood pressure cuff • Inflated until blood flow ceases then released • Systolic pressure…heart contracts 120 mmHg • Diastolic pressure…heart relaxed 80 mm Hg

  12. Hypertension • High blood pressure Diet, age, weight, activity level, medication are contributors to high blood pressure

  13. Lymphatic System • Circulatory system and immune system • Maintains blood volume • Destroys foreign invaders

  14. Lymph • Proteins from blood tissue fluidlymph vessels veins Contains fluid, germs, dead or damaged cells, fat from lacteals of villi Lymph nodes filter out germs

  15. Spleen and tonsils • Spleen filters lymphatic system, reservoir for RBC’s and WBC’s • Tonsils filter germs/enlarge

  16. thymus • Secretes hormones that help lymphocytes, a type of leuknocyte, develop their ability to recognize and attack foreign invaders

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