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Memory and aging

Memory and aging. Different types of memory. Idea of different types of memory How differ Type of information processed Duration held Amount Processing needed to retain Anatomically distinct Example: primary vs. long-term memory Importance of differential age effects. Sensory memory.

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Memory and aging

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  1. Memory and aging

  2. Different types of memory • Idea of different types of memory • How differ • Type of information processed • Duration held • Amount • Processing needed to retain • Anatomically distinct • Example: primary vs. long-term memory • Importance of differential age effects

  3. Sensory memory • Instructions: A grid of numbers will flash briefly. After it is flashed you will see an empty grid. Recall as many numbers from the grid in the correct position as possible

  4. Get Ready

  5. Sensory memory – echoic memory Instructions: You will hear two tones please indicate which one was lower in pitch. • How is echoic memory important here?

  6. Sensory memory • Type of representation • Amount of information • Duration of memory

  7. Sensory memory and age • How can test sensory memory? • Tests of iconic memory • Tests of echoic memory • Findings

  8. Primary memory vs. long-term memory • Answer: Leaf, bird, goal, art, mess, send, mud • Instructions: You will hear a string of words, please repeat them back in ALPHABETICAL order • Two types of primary memory • Example of difference • Instructions: You will hear a string of words, please repeat them back in the order presented Answer: bed, cat, feel, fried, month, sick way

  9. Short term memory • Amount of information • Duration of information • Age differences in STM • STM and early AD

  10. Working memory • Testing working memory • Reading span task • Instructions: You will hear four sentences that ask yes/no questions. After each sentence, please answer yes or no. After all four sentences have been presented, please repeat the last word of each sentence Please repeat the last word in each of the 4 sentences you just heard in order Answer: joint, fly, state, boring

  11. Tests of working memory • Math span task • Instructions: You will get a series of 4 math problems. Write the answer to each. After all four, please repeat all four answers 18 + 20 = ? 17 + 12 = ? 14 + 21 = ? 31+ 13 = ? Please repeat all 4 answers 38, 29, 35, 44

  12. Different types of working memory • Verbal • Example reading span task • Spatial • Instructions: A series of 4 X’s will appear in a grid. Please note the location of each X. When asked mark the positions of X’s but shift each one, one square to the right (X’s in the far right column should be shifted by placing them in the first column).

  13. X X Please get ready Please shift the position of each X one space to the right and mark the location X X

  14. Original grid X X X X Shifted grid X X X X

  15. Importance of working memory • What are some things it predicts • Age differences • Theoretical implications • Predicting types of tasks older adults have difficulty on • Doctor prescribes 3 drugs for older aults • Ability to remember drugs they take?? • Ability to remember how to take them (full stomach, at night)???

  16. Central executive Visuo-spatial sketchpad -spatial Articulatory loop - verbal Baddley and Hitch model of working memory Items not rehearsed will decay Why age differences according to this model 3 components

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