Interactive Display for Estimating Eye Refractive Errors and Accommodation Range

1. Interactive Display for Estimating Eye Refractive Errors and Accommodation Range Vitor Pamplona, Manuel Oliveira, Ankit Mohan, Ramesh Raskar {pamplona,manuelmo}@mit.edu, {ankit,raskar}@media.mit.edu

2. Eye Refractive Errors in Countries 800 million to 2.3 billion individuals worldwide present some kind of refractive problems (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia) World Health Organization Reports

3. Access to Medical Eye Care in the 3rd World World Health Organization Reports

4. Complex and expensive devices Simplest Solution Light wave Corneal Topographer Optical Refractor Results: Wavefront Aberrations Wavefront Aberrometer Snellen Chart

10. Estimated Prescription Spherical: 0.5 diopters Cylindrical: -1.0 diopters Astigmatism Axis: 10° Accommodation Range: -5.07 diopters Sharp Focus Range: from 18cm to 2m -1.0 -0.5 -1.0 Standard Prescription 10° Extra Info.

11. Test Setup Microlens Array Overall Precision: 0.16D Minification Relay Optics 3600 DPI LCD Display

12. Head Mounted Display Setup Overall Precision: 0.28D Vuzix VR 920 1800 DPI Microlens Array

13. Cellphone Setup Overall Precision: 0.71D Controls Pinhole Array

14. Viewmaster Setup Overall Precision: 0.5D Sliding Masks Pinhole Array

15. Health Screening Tools Blood Oxygenation Blood Pressure Visual Accommodation Body Temperature Blood Glucose

16. Spherocylindrical Lens Measurement

17. User Study

18. Interactive Display for Estimating Eye Refractive Errors and Accommodation Range Vitor Pamplona, Manuel Oliveira, Ankit Mohan, Ramesh Raskar {pamplona,manuelmo}@mit.edu, {ankit,raskar}@media.mit.edu

19. Absolute Error

20. Interactive Method Farthest Focal Point (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) Accommodation Range Nearest Focal Point (presbyopia)

21. Refractive Errors AND Accommodation Range Accommodation Range Require inducing accommodation Normal Vision Wavefront aberrometers, Auto refractometers, Snellen-like Eye charts Myopia Hyperopia Close-range eye charts, Mechanical motion devices Presbyopia 30cm Infinity

22. Our Method Objective Induced Focal Range Capability Subjective From Near to Infinity Our Device and Interactive Method Eye Chart Tests Auto Refractometer Spatially Resolved Refractometer WavefrontAberrometer Lens/Corneal Topography At Infinity Only Astigmatism Spherical High Order Aberrations Surgery-based Task-based

24. Interactive Method Display As view from a normal person Spherical: 0 diopters

25. Vuzix’s Head Mounted Display 9mm by 6.5mm 640x480 px 1800 DPI

26. Background

27. Human Eye Crystallin Lens: ~10-20 diopters (Accomodation) Cornea ~40 diopters Human Eye

28. Normal Vision Infinity Subject can focus at infinity Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision 30cm Infinity

29. Normal Vision Accomodation: Increase optical power 30cm Subject can focus close Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision 30cm Infinity

30. Myopia High-curvature cornea Increased refractive power Relaxed crystallin Infinity Subject cannot focus at far distances Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia 30cm Infinity

31. Myopia High-curvature cornea Increased refractive power Little or no accomodation Subject can focus close Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia 30cm Infinity

32. Myopia Correction Relaxed Crystallin Infinity Subject can focus at infinity Divergent Lens Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Corrected Myopia Myopia 30cm Infinity

33. Hyperopia Planar cornea Decreased refractive power Subject accommodates to compensate for flat cornea Infinity Subject can focus at infinity Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia Hyperopia 30cm Infinity

34. Hyperopia Planar cornea Decreased refractive power Insuficient accommodation for near vision Subject cannot focus close Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia Hyperopia 30cm Infinity

35. Hyperopia Correction Now, subject can focus at infinity without accommodation Infinity Convergent Lens Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia Corrected Hyperopia Hyperopia 30cm Infinity

36. Presbyopia Loss of accommodation power over years Insufficient accommodation Subject cannot focus close Human Eye Accommodation Range Normal Vision Myopia Hyperopia Presbyopia 30cm Infinity

37. Presbyopia Correction Even with reducedaccommodation, subject can focus close Human Eye Accommodation Range Glass (no optical power) Normal Vision Myopia Near Correction Hyperopia Corrected Presbyopia Presbyopia 30cm Infinity

38. Astigmatism Different eye meridians focus at different depths Point Blurred vision Human Eye

39. Astigmatism Correction Lens with 2 main refractive power axes Oriented 90 degrees from each other Spherical Refractive Power Axis Spherical Axis (Counter-clockwise, from horizontal line) Cylindrical Refractive Power Axis

40. Presbyopia Loss of Accomodation power over years Infinity Subject can focus at infinity Human Eye Accomodation Range Normal Vision Myopia Hyperopia 30cm Infinity

41. Corneal Deformations Subject can focus at Infinity but with artifacts Corneal Deformated Infinity Human Eye Subject can focus close but with artifacts 30cm Human Eye

42. Normal Vision Microlens Array Subject’s View Focal Length Cellphone

43. Bad Farsightedness Microlens Array Subject’s View Focal Length Cellphone

44. Correcting Bad Farsightedness Microlens Array Subject’s View Focal Length Cellphone

45. Correcting Bad Farsightedness Microlens Array D C = f(D) D Subject’s View Focal Length Cellphone