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FAIR – F acility for A ntiproton and I on R esearch An Overview

FAIR – F acility for A ntiproton and I on R esearch An Overview Walter F. Henning / GSI Darmstadt. Introduction Layout and Characteristics Research Goals Recent Developments. Key Developments and Milestones.

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FAIR – F acility for A ntiproton and I on R esearch An Overview

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  1. FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research An Overview Walter F. Henning / GSI Darmstadt • Introduction • Layout and Characteristics • Research Goals • Recent Developments

  2. Key Developments and Milestones • 1996-99 Discussion of Future Directions for the GSI Facilities • (Workshops and White Papers from 9 Working Groups, LoI Antiprotons) • 2000 Development of Facility Concept • 2001 Conceptual Design Report (700 pages, ca. 500 authors worldwide) • 2002 Evaluation by the German Wissenschaftsrat & Recommendation for Realization • 2002-03 Formation of Proto-Collaborations (PANDA / CBM / NUSTAR / FLAIR ) • 2003 Decision by the Federal Government to Construct Facility • (2 conditions: 25% of funding from international sources; technical staging) • 2002-2003 Development of Staged Construction Concept and Science Programs • 2003 2nd International Workshop • Letters of Intent: 1800 participants,, (PANDA: ~ 320 participants, 44 institutions, 11 countries; CBM ~ 250 participants, 38 institutions, 15 countries; NUSTAR: ~450 participants, 98 institutions, 27 countries; FLAIR: ~ 250 participants, 48 institutions, 14 countries; ...) • 2004 Formation of the International Steering Committee (ISC-FAIR) and working groups • (AFI-FAIR & STI-FAIR); first financial plan from the German government (federal and • state)

  3. SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR HESR Super FRS CR NESR RESR The Future International Facility at GSI:FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Existing Future Project 100 m

  4. SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR HESR Super FRS CR NESR Existing Future Project Beams in the future: 100 – 1000 fold intensity Z = -1 – 92 (protons to uranium plus anti-matter, i.e. anti-protons) up to 35 - 45 GeV/nucleon HESR Beams now: Z = 1 – 92 (protons to uranium) up to 2 GeV/nucleon Super FRS 100 m

  5. Key Technical Features • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets FAIR: Facility Characteristics Primary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 over present in intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u • up to 90 GeV protons SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR Secondary Beams • Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in • intensity over present • Antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV HESR Super FRS CR Storage and Cooler Rings NESR RESR • Radioactive beams • e – A collider • 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

  6. FAIR: Research Areas • Nuclear Structure Physics and • Nuclear Astrophysics with • Radioactive Ion-Beams • Hadron Physics with Antiprotons • Physics of Nuclear Matter with • Relativistic Nuclear Collisions • Plasma Physics with Highly • Bunched Laser- and Ion-Beams • Atomic Physics and Applied • Science • Accelerator Physics SIS 100/300 SIS UNILAC FRS ESR HESR Super FRS CR NESR RESR

  7. Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei – Radioactive Beams at FAIR • Superheavy elements • Shell stabilization • Long-lived nuclei • Proton-rich nuclei • Proton radioactivity • Proton - neutron pairing • Isospin symmetry • Tests of standard model and symmetries • Nucleosynthesis • Neutron-rich nuclei • Neutron drip line • Shell quenching • Skins and halos • Loosley bound systems • Soft collective modes • Nucleosynthesis

  8. 1GeV/u U + H Production of exotic nuclear beams by fragmentation advantage: shortlived isotopes (T1/2< ms) accessible About 1000 nuclear residues identified A/Z-resolution ~10-3

  9. 1GeV/u U + H Production of exotic nuclear beams by fragmentation advantage: shortlived isotopes (T1/2< ms) accessible About 1000 nuclear residues identified 132Sn Land Collaboration P. Adrich et al., 2004 A/Z-resolution ~10-3

  10. glueballs (ggg) hybrids (ccg) J/ spectroscopy confinement hidden and open charm in nuclei fundamental symmetries: antiprotons in traps (FLAIR) strange and charmed baryons in nuclear fields inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering CP-violation (D/ - sector) Physics program at the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) New proposals: ASSIA, PAX (pol. target; pol. p – beams)

  11. Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma – Relativistic Nuclear Beams at FAIR QCD- Phase Diagram study of compressed baryonic / strange matter in nucleus-nucleus collisions up to laboratory energies of 35 AGeV important probe: dilepton pairs

  12. SIS 100/300 AGS SIS CERN SPS optimum production of baryons with strange quarks maximum compression in heavy-ion collisions threshold for antiprotons threshold for strange quarks threshold for charm quarks 1 10 100 NN Collisions at 2-40 AGeV Rel.production of strange quarks (red curve) nuclear matter density (blue curve) ion energy [AGeV]

  13. Magnetic Fusion Inertial Cofinement Fusion Temperature [eV] Sun Core PHELIX Laser Heating Ideal plasmas Strongly coupled plasmas Ion Beam Heating Jupiter SIS 18 solid state density Sun Surface Density [cm-3] High Power Density in Matter – Physics of Dense Plasma

  14. Atomic Physics • Extreme Static Electromagnetic Fields E  500 eV Z∙  1 Uranium Laser fields: 1022 W/cm2 Hydrogen E  10-6 eV Z∙  10-2

  15. Atomic Physics 2. Extreme Dynamic Fields U92+ b ~ 106 fm t  0.1 as I  1021 W/cm2 0 87 94 97 98 Percent of Light Velocity  MHz

  16. Radioactive Beams Plasma Physics 100 Tm Ring 200 Tm Ring Collector & Storage Ring High-Energy Storage Ring Nucleus-Nucleus 100 sec Antiprotons Parallel Operation SIS 300 Duty-Cycles of the Accelerator Rings Duty-Cycles of the Physics Programs Radioactive Beams Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Antiprotons Plasma-Physics 0% 50% 100%

  17. RHIC type dipole magnet: B=4T 6T, dB/dt=1T/s Nuclotron dipole magnet: B=2T, dB/dt=4T/s New SIS 100/300 Synchrotron Booster and compressor Stretcher and high energy ring Two synchrotrons in one tunnel (1080 m circumference) SIS 300 R&D programm in rapidly cycling superconducting magnets

  18. R&D in Superconducting Magnet Technology SIS200/300 cos q magnet

  19. Radiation Safety Approval Procedure In February 2002, one year before the “green light” was obtained from the German government, GSI applied for the Construction of an International Facility for the Research with Ion and Proton Beams at the Hessian Ministry for Environment In December 2003, GSI received official letterwith the first approval: ....the planned facility will fulfill the requirements in accordance with the German radiation protection laws for the construction of the whole installation and the operation as outlined in the Conceptual Design Report.

  20. International (Committee) Structure for theFacility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) International Steering Committee (ISC-FAIR) H. Schunck Working Group on Administrative and Financial Issues (AFI-FAIR) H-F. Wagner Working Group on Scientific and Technical Issues (STI-FAIR) S. Gales PAC / QCD R. Chiavassa PAC / NSTR R. Casten PAC / APPA D. Schwalm TAC / ACC Y. Cho

  21. ~ Signing of MoU AFI Phase II Governed by contracts MoU Phase I – Governed by MoU Contract Development Contract Negotiations Closing 2004 2005 2006 STI LoI's Proposals / TR's TDR's Technical Committee PAC's

  22. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 SIS18 Upgrade 70 MW Connection Proton-Linac General Planning 2,7x1011 /s 238U28+ (200 MeV/u) 5x1012 protons per puls I Civil Construction 1 SIS100/300 Tunnel, SIS Injection+Extraction+Transfer SIS100 Transfer Line SIS18-SIS100 High Energy Beam Lines Transfer Buildings/Line Super-FRS, Auxiliary Bldgs., Transfer Tunnel to SIS18, Building APT,Super-FRS, CR-Complex RIB High+Low Energy Branch, II Civil Construction 2 RIB Prod.-Target, Super-FRS RIB High+Low Energy Branch Antiproton Prod.-Target CR-Complex 1x1011/s 238U28+ (0.4-2.7GeV/u) ->RIB (50% duty cycle) 2.5x1013 p (1-30 GeV) 3-30 GeV pbar->fixed target 10.7 GeV/u 238U -> HADES* III Civil Construction 3 CBM-Cave, Pbar-Cave, Reinjection SIS100 HESR &. 4 MV e- –Cooling In NESR IV HESR ( ground level), NESR, AP-cave, e-A Collider, PP-cave Accuracy: 6 -8 months Civil Construction 4 SIS300* 8 MV e- –Cooling e-A Collider 1x1012/s 238U28+ 100% duty cycle pbar cooled p (1-90 GeV) 35 GeV/u 238U92+ NESR physics plasma physics V Civil Construction Experiment Potential Civil Construction Production and Installation *SIS300 installation together with SIS100

  23. FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

  24. FAIR Organisational Structure: EEIG (or GmbH or...) Finland / France / Italy / Germany / Spain / Sweden / UK ...Russia...Cons... Council EEIG (Representatives of Partners) Finland GSI France Project Management Italy FAIR Project EEIG / GmbH Spain Sweden UK ... Poland Russia … ... ... India Consort. Requests of the Project from the partners, GSI and external Resources, Finances, Manpower and Hardware Contributions

  25. FAIR Organisational Structure: EEIG (or GmbH or...) Finland / France / Italy / Germany / Spain / Sweden / UK ...Russia...Cons... Council EEIG (Representatives of Partners) Finland GSI France Project Management DG Italy FAIR Project EEIG ADR ADA ADI ADF ADFP Spain Sweden Research Accelerator UK Infrastructure ... Administration Poland Russia Future Project … ... ... India Consort. Requests of the Project from the partners, GSI and external Resources, Finances, Manpower and Hardware Contributions

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