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.NET Distributed Computing

.NET Distributed Computing. Overview. Basics. .NET. Runtime environment called the Common Language Runtime (CLR) Class library called the Framework Class Library (FCL). Common Language Runtime. Modern runtime environment .NET compilers do not target a specific processor

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.NET Distributed Computing

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  1. .NET Distributed Computing 95-702 OCT

  2. Overview Basics 95-702 OCT

  3. .NET • Runtime environment called the Common Language Runtime (CLR) • Class library called the Framework Class Library (FCL) 95-702 OCT

  4. Common Language Runtime • Modern runtime environment • .NET compilers do not target a specific processor • The CLR must be present on the target machine • Safely manages code execution • JIT compilation from MSIL to machine executable • Security and Permission management 95-702 OCT

  5. Framework Class Library • Object oriented • Collections, console, network and file I/O • Database and XML support • Rich server side event model • Rich client side support for GUI construction • Support for building SOAP based web services • More than 3,500 classes 95-702 OCT

  6. C# Overview • C# is type safe (hard to access objects in inappropriate ways) • Automatic memory management • Exception handling • Array bounds checking • Support for checked arithmetic 95-702 OCT

  7. Hello World 1 Full Namespaces // Hello World 1 in C# class MyApp { public static void Main() { System.String x = "World"; System.Console.WriteLine("Hello " + x); } } MSCorLib.dll is one among many assemblies we can include. The Basic Class Library is spread over a couple of assemblies. The .exe file has bootstrap code to run the .NET run time. MyApp is in the global namespace Compile with csc -t:exe -out:HelloUser.exe -r:MSCorLib.dll HelloUser.cs Execute MSIL Managed Code with HelloUser The code runs within the Common Language Runtime (CLR) 95-702 OCT

  8. Hello World 2 Using System // Hello World 2 in C# using System; class MyApp { public static void Main() { String x = "World 2"; Console.WriteLine("Hello " + x); } } Compile With csc HelloUser.cs Execute The MS Intermediate Language .exe file with HelloUser 95-702 OCT

  9. Hello World 3 Without System // Hello World 3 in C# class MyApp { public static void Main() { String x = "World 3"; Console.WriteLine("Hello " + x); } } HelloUser.cs(9,7): error CS0246: The type or namespace name 'String' could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) And more errors… 95-702 OCT

  10. Type System Unification 0 • The object class is the ultimate base class for both reference types and value types • Simple types in C# alias structs found in System • So, Simple types have methods int i = 3; string s = i.ToString(); • But follow the same semantics as simple types of old, e.g., i = 3; j = i; j = 2; // i still 3 95-702 OCT

  11. Type System Unification 1 class MyMathApp { public static void Main() { float x = 2.3F; // Semantics are the same System.Single y = 1.0F; // Only the syntax differs float z = x + y; System.Console.WriteLine("Result = " + z); } } 95-702 OCT

  12. Type System Unification 2 // All types derive from System.Object (which corresponds to the primitive object // type.) class MyMathApp { public static void Main() { float x = 2.3F; // 2.3 is a double so use 'F' for float System.Single y = 1.0F; float z = x + y; object o = z; // object is part of C#, Object is in System System.Console.WriteLine("Object Result = " + o); } } Object Result = 3.3 95-702 OCT

  13. Parameters1 Pass By Value // C# Parameters using System; public class Parameter1 { static void inc(int x) { ++x; } public static void Main() { int a = 30; inc(a); Console.WriteLine(a); // 30 is displayed } } 95-702 OCT

  14. Parameters 2 Pass by Reference // C# Parameters 2 using System; public class Parameter2 { static void inc(ref int x) { ++x; } public static void Main() { int a = 30; inc(ref a); Console.WriteLine(a); // 31 is displayed } } 95-702 OCT

  15. Parameters 3 Passing Objects // C# Parameters using System; public class Student { public int age; } public class Parameter3 { static void swap(Student x, Student y) { Student t = x; x = y; y = t; } 95-702 OCT

  16. public static void Main() { Student a = new Student(); a.age = 34; Student b = new Student(); b.age = 65; swap(a,b); Console.WriteLine(a.age +" " +b.age); // 34 65 } } 95-702 OCT

  17. Parameter 4 Passing Objects // C# Parameters using System; public class Student { public int age; } public class Parameter4 { static void swap(ref Student x, ref Student y) { Student t = x; x = y; y = t; } 95-702 OCT

  18. public static void Main() { Student a = new Student(); a.age = 34; Student b = new Student(); b.age = 65; swap(ref a,ref b); Console.WriteLine(a.age +" " +b.age); // 65 34 } } 95-702 OCT

  19. Parameters 5 Out Parameters // C# Parameters using System; public class Student { public int age; } public class Parameter5 { static void MakeAStudent(out Student x) { x = new Student(); // assignment is required } 95-702 OCT

  20. public static void Main() { Student a; MakeAStudent(out a); a.age = 34; Console.WriteLine(a.age); // 34 is displayed } } 95-702 OCT

  21. Parameter 6 Passing Arrays // C# Parameters using System; public class Parameter6 { static decimal Multiply(params decimal[] a) { decimal amt = 0.0m; foreach(decimal i in a) amt += i; return amt; } 95-702 OCT

  22. public static void Main() { decimal[] x = { 2.0m, 3.0m, 1.0m }; Console.WriteLine(Multiply(x)); // 6.0 is displayed } } 95-702 OCT

  23. Classes 1 // Classes may have members with protection levels // The default is private. class Student { public string name; int age; public Student(string n, int a) { name = n; age = a; } } class MyClassApp { public static void Main() { Student s = new Student("Mike",23); System.Console.WriteLine("Student " + s.name); // illegal to try to display the age from here } } 95-702 OCT

  24. Classes 2 internal class Student { public string name; int age; public Student(string n, int a) { // Classes default to 'internal' visibility. name = n; // MyClassApp is public and therefore age = a; // visible to external // assemblies. } } public class MyClassApp { public static void Main() { Student s = new Student("Mike",23); System.Console.WriteLine("Student " + s); } } Student Student 95-702 OCT

  25. Classes 3 Properties using System; class Student { private string name; private int age; public String StudentName { set { name = value; } get { return name; } } 95-702 OCT

  26. public int StudentAge { set { age = value; } get { return age; } } } public class MyClassApp { public static void Main() { Student s = new Student(); s.StudentName = "Mike"; // calls set s.StudentAge = 23; // calls set // call get Console.WriteLine(s.StudentName + ":" + s.StudentAge); } } Mike:23 95-702 OCT

  27. Classes 4 Inheritance // C# Classes and Inheritance using System; class Student { private string name; private int age; public String StudentName { set { name = value; } get { return name; } } 95-702 OCT

  28. public int StudentAge { set { age = value; } get { return age; } } } 95-702 OCT

  29. class GradStudent : Student { private String underGraduateDegree; public String Degree { set { underGraduateDegree = value; } get { return underGraduateDegree; } } } 95-702 OCT

  30. public class DemoInheritance { public static void Main() { GradStudent s = new GradStudent(); s.StudentName = "Mike"; s.StudentAge = 23; s.Degree = "Philosophy"; Console.WriteLine(s.StudentName + ":" + s.StudentAge + ":" + s.Degree); } } Mike:23:Philosophy 95-702 OCT

  31. Classes 5 Polymorphism // C# Classes and Polymorphism using System; public class Student { private string name; private int age; public String StudentName { set { name = value; } get { return name; } } 95-702 OCT

  32. public int StudentAge { set { age = value; } get { return age; } } } 95-702 OCT

  33. public class GradStudent : Student { private String underGraduateDegree; public String Degree { set { underGraduateDegree = value; } get { return underGraduateDegree; } } } 95-702 OCT

  34. public class DoctoralStudent : GradStudent { private String thesisTitle; public String ThesisTitle { get { return thesisTitle; } } public DoctoralStudent(string thesis) { thesisTitle = thesis; } } 95-702 OCT

  35. public class DemoInheritance { public static void Main() { GradStudent s = new GradStudent(); DoctoralStudent d = new DoctoralStudent("The Semantic Web"); s.StudentName = "Mike"; s.StudentAge = 23; d.StudentName = "Sue"; d.StudentAge = 25; Console.WriteLine(s.StudentName + ":" + s.StudentAge); Console.WriteLine(d.StudentName + ":" + d.StudentAge); Display(s); Display(d); } public static void Display(Student x) { // Method takes any Student Console.WriteLine(x.StudentName + ":" + x.StudentAge); } } 95-702 OCT

  36. Type Constructors 1 // Classes may have "Type Constructors" internal class Student { public static int numberOfStudentsCreated; static Student() { // must take no args numberOfStudentsCreated = 0; } public string name; int age; public Student(string n, int a) { name = n; age = a; numberOfStudentsCreated++; } } 95-702 OCT

  37. public class MyClassApp { public static void Main() { Student s = new Student("Mike",23); Student t = new Student("Sue",23); System.Console.WriteLine("Student's created = " + Student.numberOfStudentsCreated); } } HelloUser Student's created = 2 95-702 OCT

  38. GUI Programming (1) using System; using System.Windows.Forms; public class WindowGreeting { private String m_userName; public String UserName { set { m_userName = value; } get { return m_userName; } } 95-702 OCT

  39. public void Greet() { MessageBox.Show("Hello " + m_userName); } public static void Main(String[] a) { WindowGreeting wg = new WindowGreeting(); wg.UserName = "Mike"; wg.Greet(); } } 95-702 OCT

  40. 95-702 OCT

  41. GUI Programming (2) csc -r:System.Windows.Forms.dll NewOne.cs NewOne The escape key works too. 95-702 OCT

  42. GUI Programming (2) using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Windows.Forms; // Inherit from Form to control window public class WindowGreeting : Form { private String m_userName; private Button m_btnClose; private Label m_label; public WindowGreeting() { Console.WriteLine("constructing"); m_label = new Label(); m_label.Location = new Point(16,16); m_label.Size = new Size(136,24); m_label.Text = ""; 95-702 OCT

  43. m_btnClose = new Button(); m_btnClose.Location = new Point(48,50); m_btnClose.Size = new Size(56,24); m_btnClose.Text = "Discard"; m_btnClose.Click += new EventHandler(CloseButton_Click); this.Controls.Add(m_label); this.Controls.Add(m_btnClose); this.ClientSize = new Size(150, 90); this.CancelButton = m_btnClose; } 95-702 OCT

  44. void CloseButton_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Close(); } public String UserName { set { m_userName = value; } get { return m_userName; } } public static void Main(String[] a) { WindowGreeting wg = new WindowGreeting(); wg.ShowDialog(); } } 95-702 OCT

  45. Networking 1 Visit a Web Site // Snarf.cs from C# in a Nutshell // Snarf.exe http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/csharpnut using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; class Snarf { static void Main(String[] args) { // args[0] holds a URL from the command line WebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(args[0]); WebResponse resp = req.GetResponse(); 95-702 OCT

  46. // read the data from the URL Stream s = resp.GetResponseStream(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(s,Encoding.ASCII); String doc = sr.ReadToEnd(); Console.WriteLine(doc); } } Suppose IIS is running with a virtual directory called MyNewWebApps Snarf http://localhost/MyNewWebApps/Index.html Displays the HTML code on the DOS Screen 95-702 OCT

  47. Distributed Objects using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System; class MyClient { public static void Main() { ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(new TcpClientChannel()); RemoteStudent r = (RemoteStudent) Activator.GetObject( typeof(RemoteStudent), "tcp://localhost:6502/somestudent"); This client assumes the server is running. 95-702 OCT

  48. String name = r.getName(); int age = r.getAge(); Console.WriteLine("Student Name: " + name + " Age: " + age); } } Directory before compilation MyClient.cs Student.dll Student.cs Server.cs Compile with csc -t:exe -r:Student.dll MyClient.cs Run with MyClient Student Name: Mike Age: 23 95-702 OCT

  49. The Remote Object // A Remote Student Object saved in Student.cs using System; public class RemoteStudent : MarshalByRefObject { private int age = 23; private String name = "Mike"; public int getAge() { return age; } public String getName() { return name; } } Compile with csc -t:library Student.cs Produces a DLL file Student.dll 95-702 OCT

  50. Publish the Object with Server.cs using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels; using System.Runtime.Remoting; using System; class MyApp { public static void Main() { ChannelServices.RegisterChannel( new TcpServerChannel(6502)); RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType( Type.GetType("RemoteStudent, Student"), "SomeStudent", WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall); 95-702 OCT

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