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Egypt: Middle and New Kingdoms

Egypt: Middle and New Kingdoms. 9 th Grade Integrated Honors Mr. Coia. Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

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Egypt: Middle and New Kingdoms

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  1. Egypt: Middle and New Kingdoms 9th Grade Integrated Honors Mr. Coia

  2. Middle Kingdom2050 B.C. to 1650 B.C. • Began when a family of ruling nobles in Thebes emerged victorious in its struggles with the rulers of other cities, seized control of the entire kingdom, and established a powerful central government in Thebes. • Trade and warfare brought Egypt into contact with other civilizations. • The realm conquered the African kingdom of Nubia and traded with Asian neighbors in the east. • New Ideas, custom, and technologies spread.

  3. Thebes • Thebes was sacked by the Assyrians in 661 B.C., an event referred to in the Bible (Nahum 3.8–10), where the city is called No Amon [Amon city]. • The Romans sacked it in 29 B.C., and by 20 B.C. a Greek visitor to the site reported only a few scattered villages. • The temples and tombs that have survived, including the tombs of Tutankhamen and of Ramses II's sons, are among the most splendid in the world, and the site has been the scene of much important archaeological work.

  4. Hyksos • Hyksos: “foreigners” • Weak rulers and internal strife allowed Semitic invaders called the Hyksos to conquer Egypt. • Occupied Egypt for 100 years • Native Egyptians rulers banded together to drive out the Hyksos.

  5. New Kingdom1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C. • Hyksos driven from Egypt • Female ruler, Queen Hatshepsut, encouraged trade • Powerful ruler Ramses II creates empire

  6. Ramses II

  7. Ramses II • Great Building projects, as well as successful military campaigns • Created major projects to include:

  8. The Great Rock Temple at Abu Simbel in Nubia

  9. The Temple at Karnak

  10. The Rameseum

  11. The Temple at Luxorin Thebes

  12. The Luxorin Las Vegas

  13. Ramses II • All this construction required massive labor and resulted in an increase in slavery. • Ramses II was probably the pharaoh who dealt with Moses and released the Hebrew slaves in the Old Testament

  14. New Kingdom (cont.) • Peace treaty between Egyptians and Hittites • First such document known to have survived • After Ramses II, Egypt’s power declines • Assyrians and Persians invade Egypt followed by Greek and Roman armies

  15. Any questions?

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