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Waves, sound & Light

Waves, sound & Light. Wave: a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. The material through which a wave travels through is called a medium . Waves that require a medium are called mechanical waves . The waves don’t carry the medium itself with them.

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Waves, sound & Light

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  1. Waves, sound & Light

  2. Wave: a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. • The material through which a wave travels through is called a medium. Waves that require a medium are called mechanical waves. The waves don’t carry the medium itself with them. • Waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate.

  3. Types of waves • Transverse: move the medium at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling. • Longitudinal /Compressional: move particles of the medium parallel to the direction in which the waves are traveling. • Surface waves: combinations of transverse and longitudinal waves. They occur at the surface between two mediums, such as water and air. Causes water to move in a circle.

  4. Transverse Waves • The highest points are called the crest, and the lowest are called the troughs.

  5. Longitudinal / Compressional: • The parts where the coils are close together are called compressions. The parts where the coils are spread out are called rarefactions.

  6. Properties of waves • Amplitude: the maximum distance the particles of the medium carrying the wave move away from rest position. It is a direct measure of energy.

  7. Properties of waves Ct’d • Wavelength: distance between two corresponding parts of a wave.

  8. Properties of waves Ct’d • Frequency: the number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. Measured in Hertz Hz

  9. Properties of waves Ct’d • Speed: Waves in different mediums travel at different speeds. In addition the speed is related to the amount of pressure and temperature.

  10. Sound • Sound waves carry energy through a medium without the particles of the medium traveling along. A common medium is air. It travels as a longitudinal wave. • Sound waves can bend around a barrier, diffraction such as hearing around a corner.

  11. Speed of Sound • Depends on elasticity, density , and temperature. • Elasticity: Travels more quickly in things that have more elasticity. The speed is faster in a solid, then liquid then gas. • Density: faster in the LEAST dense items. • Temperature: faster in higher temperatures.

  12. Properties of Sound • Intensity: the amount of energy the wave carries per second through a unit area. Measured in W/m² • Loudness: what you actually hear. Measured in dB decibels. Each 10 dB increase represents a tenfold increase in intensity.

  13. Properties of Sound • Frequency: the number of vibrations that occur per second. • Most people hear 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz • Ultrasound: frequencies above the normal range of hearing. • Infrasound: Sounds with frequencies below the normal range of hearing.

  14. Properties of Sound • Pitch: description of a sound of how high or low the sound seems to a person. It depends on the frequency. • High frequency sound waves have a high pitch while low pitch is made from a low frequency.

  15. Doppler Effect

  16. Electromagnetic Waves

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