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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Five Basic Sentence Types. Sentence Slots. S. Subject Predicate MV int = Intransitive ( no object ) MV BE = BE as the main verb MV link = BE, appear, become, etc… NP 1 MV tr = Transitive ( requires an object ). predicate. Subj. NP. VP. Sentence Type I.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Five Basic Sentence Types

  2. Sentence Slots S • Subject • Predicate • MVint =Intransitive (no object) • MVBE = BE as the main verb • MVlink = BE, appear, become, etc… NP1 • MVtr = Transitive (requires an object) predicate Subj NP VP

  3. Sentence Type I What’s the predicate pattern? • The customer complained persistently • Carla must have enrolled rather early • A telephone is ringing • Jan snores loudly • Fish swim • Verbs (+ Nouns) • Verbs (+ Adj’s) • Verbs (+ Adv’s) • ADJs (+ Adv’s)

  4. Type I: Intransitive Verb • Sentence ends with: • Verbial or • Adverbial • Tests • Main verb is not “BE” • Divide predicate into phrasesIf all phrases are VP or ADVP = Intransitive • Test for ADVP by substitution

  5. Disappear Complain Snore Rise Fall Sob Cry Begin Grow Melt See Live Return Common Intransitive Verbs Ask yourself if the action is done in some way, in some direction or to some degree.

  6. Type I: NP + MVint (+ADV) Type I or not? • The bus stops here on Mondays • Becky stepped very carelessly into the street • It was Tuesday so the bus almost hit her

  7. Find the Type I Construction…

  8. Sentence Type I Diagramming • (you) Stay downwind (you) Stay__ downwind

  9. Sentence Type I Treeing • (you) Stay downwind S VP NP MVP ADV Stay (you) downwind

  10. Find a Type I Sentence… … in your G & C paper NP + MVint (+ADV)

  11. Sentence Type II What’s the predicate pattern? • Jesse is outside. • Her job interviews were yesterday. • The reception will be at noon. • Cheryl’s notebook must have been on the desk. • VIntrans. + ADV manner • VTrans. + ADJ subject complement • BE + ADJ subject complement • BE + ADV time/place

  12. Type II: BE + ADV of Time/Place • Sentence includes: • Linking (BE) VerbAND • Adverbial Complement (required) • Complement = something that completes… • Tests • Is the Main Verb “BE”? • Is “BE” followed by ADVP of time or place?

  13. Type II: NP+MVBE+Advt/p • Are these Type II? • I am here now • I am happy to be here • I must have been elsewhere yesterday • I like go to China during the summer

  14. Sentence Type II Find the Type II Construction… • Your car keys are under the sofa • You like to wear women’s shoes

  15. Sentence Type II Diagramming • Your car keys are under the sofa keys are car Your under sofa the

  16. Sentence Type II Treeing S VP NP MVP ADVP PREP DET N DET ADJ N are Your car keys under the sofa

  17. Sentence Type III What’s the Pattern? • Sheila is beautiful • Her parties are very lavish • She is becoming friendly • Her husband has seemed happier • MVtr + Direct object • MVint + ADV manner • MVlink + ADJ subj. complement • MVBE + Nominal subj. complement

  18. Type III: LinkingVerb+AdjSubjComp • Sentences contain: • Linking VerbAND • Subject Complement (AKA Predicate Adjective) • Tests • Is the MVP followed by ADJP? • Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? • e.g. appear, become, seem grow, feel, look, sound…

  19. Common Linking Verbs • BE • Seem • Become • Taste • Feel • Look See p. 212 for more…

  20. Type III: NP + MVlink + Adj Subj Comp • Are these Type III? • Fred seems to be angry • His cashmere sweater feels silky • Pat looked surprisingly happy after his loss • He looked as though he had been up all night

  21. Type III Constructions: (x2) 1 2 3 4 • 1 & 2 • 2 & 3 • 3 & 4 • 2 & 4

  22. Sentence Type III Diagramming • I’m busy I ‘m \ busy

  23. Sentence Type III Treeing • I’m busy S VP NP MVP ADJP Pron ‘m busy I

  24. What’s the Pattern? • Jack and Jill are cousins • Their trip to the well was a failure • The hill is becoming a jungle • Jack and Jill remained friends after their tumble down the hill • MVtr + Direct object • MVlink + Nominal subj. complement • MVlink + ADJ subj. complement • MVBE + Nominal subj. complement

  25. Type IV: LinkingVerb+Nom Subj Comp • Sentence contains: • Linking VerbAND • NP that complements the subject (NP1) • AKA  NP1+MVlink+NP1 • Tests • Is the MVP followed by another NP? • Does this NP refer to the same entity as the Subj? • Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? • Can “may be classified as” substitute for the MV?

  26. Type IV: NP+MVlink+Nom Subj Comp • Are these sentences Type IV? • That paint is the right color • The train disappeared into a tunnel • Her carrot cake was a dreadful failure

  27. Type IV Constructions? (x2) 1 2 3 4 • 1 & 2 • 2 & 3 • 3 & 4 • 2 & 4

  28. Diagramming • Mario is a very busy guy Complements the subject Mario is \ guy____ a busy very

  29. Treeing • Mario is a very busy guy S VP NP1 MVP NP1 art Adv Adj N is a very busy guy Mario

  30. What’s the Pattern? • Dave threw the ball to George • John saw Bill • Three minnows were nibbling her toes • Pecan pie enlivens any meal • The man had bought a cake for dinner • MVtr + Direct object • MVint + Nominal subj. complement • MVlink + ADJ subj. complement • MVBE + Nominal subj. complement

  31. Type V: Transitive Verb + D.O. • Sentence is constructed like this: • NP1 + MVtr + NP2 • Subject = Actor • Object = Item Acted upon (Receiver of Action) • Tests for Direct Object: • Who? • What? • ≠ NP1

  32. Transitive vs. Linking Verbs • Transitive verbs: • show “action” • answer the question 'what.'

  33. Type V Sentence…

  34. Diagramming • I hate happy hour Direct Object I hate | hour happy

  35. Treeing S VP NP1 MVP NP2 N ADJ hate happy hour I

  36. How many Type V Constructions? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

  37. In your G & C paper… • Find as many types as you can… • Type I: NP + MVint (+ADV) • Type II: NP + MVBE + Advt/p • Type III:NP + MVlink + Adj Subj Comp • Type IV: NP+MVlink+Nom Subj Comp • Type V: NP1 + MVtr + NP2

  38. Analyzing Sentences… …why we should care

  39. Error? 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it • What sentence type this? • How does that relate to the error? • The baby’s mother is a king.

  40. Sentence Type 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it • She slept a baby in the crib. • Hint: • MVint doesn’t take an object

  41. Sentence Type 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it • At night, the baby’s nurses always speak very quiet. • Hints: • MVint • ADV complement

  42. Sentence Type 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it • [Wicked is prototypically an adjective] Knowing that it is an adjective automatically informs that it is describing something. • Hints: • Type V (Transitive Verb) • MVtr requires an object

  43. Comma Usage • Never put a single comma between the Subject and Predicate or between the Verb and its complements • Use two commas to set off anything that interrupts the Subject and predicate or the Verb and its complements

  44. You Tell Me… 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it • All contact center technicians work together in a single room, with most of the workspaces around the perimeter. • Hint: • To comma or not to comma… • Confession: • This is an error from one of mypapers

  45. NPs & VPs on flat lines Major break between Subject & Predicate Modifiers on slanted lines Subject Complement go on main line after “\” Direct Objects go on main line after “|” Diagramming Review NP1 VP Subj Comp. \ ____ Adj Adv Adj/Adv NP1 VP NP2 | Adj Adv Prep Noun

  46. Start by writing sentence at the bottom Work up word by word, joining phrases Separate Subject & Predicate with NP // VP S NP VP Art N V Adv The students are upstairs Treeing Review S NP VP Art N V Adj The students are smart

  47. Quiz Tomorrow Review Slides, text & exercises…

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