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The Civil War

The Civil War. The Civil War. November 1860 Lincoln elected president December 1860 South Carolina secedes February 1861 Confederacy formed South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas Capitol: Montgomery, Alabama President Jefferson Davis

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War

  2. The Civil War • November 1860 • Lincoln elected president • December 1860 • South Carolina secedes • February 1861 • Confederacy formed • South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas • Capitol: Montgomery, Alabama • President Jefferson Davis • Fort Sumter, April 1861 • First shots of the war • Confederates fired after supplies were sent to the fort • Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers afterward

  3. The Civil War • Other states secede • Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas • Capitol moved to Richmond, Virginia • Northern reaction to secession • Most opposed forced return of states • Crittenden Compromise • Abolition of slaves north of the Missouri Compromise line • Allow slavery south of the line • Compensate slave owners for runaways • Border States • Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

  4. The Civil War • Nicknames • North • United States, Union, Yankees, Billy Yank, Bluebellies • South • Confederate States, Rebels, Johnny Reb, Secesh • North’s advantages • Population: 20 million, 2.5:1; free males 4.4:1 • Wealth produced 3:1 (factory production: 10:1) • Transportation (railroad mileage: 7:1) • South’s advantages • Defensive war • Own soil • United population • Experienced officers (Mexican War) • Cotton

  5. The Civil War • Northern strategy • Capture Richmond • Occupy border states • Control Mississippi River • Blockade southern ports • Southern strategy • Capture Washington, D.C. • Control border states • Gain support of England

  6. General Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan

  7. Headquarters of the ArmyWashington, May 3, 1861Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan,Commanding Ohio Volunteers, Cincinnati, OH We rely greatly on the sure operation of a complete blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf ports soon to commence. In connection with such blockade we propose a powerful movement down the Mississippi to the ocean, with a cordon of posts at proper points, and the capture of Forts Jackson and Saint Philip; the object being to clear out and keep open this great line of communication in connection with the strict blockade of the sea-board, so as to envelop the insurgent States and bring them to terms with less bloodshed than by any other plan. I suppose there will be needed from twelve to twenty steam gun-boats, and a sufficient number of steam transports (say forty) to carry all the personnel (say 60,000 men) and material of the expedition; most of the gun-boats to be in advance to open the way, and the remainder to follow and protect the rear of the expedition, &c. This army, in which it is not improbable you may be invited to take an important part, should be composed of our best regulars for the advance and of three-years’ volunteers, all well officered, and with four months and a half of instruction in camps prior to (say) November 10. In the progress down the river all the enemy’s batteries on its banks we of course would turn and capture, leaving a sufficient number of posts with complete garrisons to keep the river open behind the expedition. Finally, it will be necessary that New Orleans should be strongly occupied and securely held until the present difficulties are composed. With great respect, yours, trulyWinfield Scott.

  8. A Cincinnati publisher ridiculed Scott’s Anaconda Plan as too slow and ponderous, exaggerating it in a fanciful map, above.

  9. Civil War Battles • South named battles after town or settlement • North named battles after nearest water • First Bull Run (US) or First Manassas (CS), Virginia • First battle of the Civil War, July 1861 • “On to Richmond” • CS victory as US flees back to Washington, DC • Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862 • Confederates defeated & forced out of Kentucky • CS General Felix Zollicoffer killed • Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson, Kentucky, February 1862 • US Gen. U.S. Grant captured both forts • “Unconditional Surrender” Grant

  10. Civil War Battles • Monitor vs. Merrimac, March 1862 • Clash of the Ironclads • Shiloh, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862 • US victory • US casualties 13,000, CS casualties 11,000 • Second Manassas or Second Bull Run, VA, August 1862 • CS victory • Antietam, Maryland, September 1862 • Lee’s first advance into northern territory • Single bloodiest day in American military history • US claims victory • Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation • Effective January 1, 1863 • Frees all slaves in rebelling states only • Border states not affected • Makes slavery a war issue to keep foreign powers from joining South

  11. Civil War Battles • Perryville, KY, October 8, 1862 • CS offensive into Kentucky • US victory • Chancellorsville, VA, April 1863 • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson mortally wounded by his own men • CS victory • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863 • Lee’s second invasion of the North • Largest battle of the Civil War • Casualties: 23,000 Union, 28,000 Confederate • Turning point of the war • US victory • Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 4, 1863 • US victory, Union gains control of the Mississippi River • Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865 • Lee surrenders to Grant • Grant very generous in surrender terms

  12. Civil War People • Union • Abraham Lincoln • President of the US • Gen. Ulysses S. Grant • Nicknamed “Unconditional Surrender” • Promoted to overall commander of Union army by war’s end • Clara Barton • Nurse for US troops • Founded American Red Cross after war • Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman • Led the infamous march to the sea • Gen. George Armstrong Custer • boy general

  13. Civil War People • Confederate • Jefferson Davis • President of the Confederacy • Gen. Robert E. Lee • Commanded the Army of Northern Virginia • Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson • Lee’s greatest general • Gen. James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart • Cavalry general

  14. Civil War Weaponry • Rifles • .58 caliber • Muzzle loader • 3 times per minute • Artillery (cannons) • Shells • Grapeshot • Canister • Cannon ball

  15. First Modern War • Rifled muskets • Telegraph • Ironclad ships • Submarines • Total warfare • Workable machine gun • Aerial reconnaissance • Field trenches • Photography of battle • Repeating rifles • Bugle call “Taps” • Income tax

  16. 1861 Springfield

  17. Gatling Gun

  18. Enfield

  19. Civil War Names • The War Between the States • The War for Southern Independence • Mr. Lincoln’s War • The Southern Rebellion • The War of the Rebellion • The Second War for Independence • The War to Suppress Yankee Arrogance • The War Against Northern Aggression • The War of the Southern Planters • The War for the Union • The War for Southern Freedom • The Lost Cause

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