Unit 5 Cruelty

1. Unit 5 Cruelty

2. Pre-reading Task (P.331 for script) • Why do some people tend to be heartless and cruel? Were they born that way or did circumstances harden them? • Do some people care too much for people in general and forget the needs of their closest friends? • Ranking activity (see next page)

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4. Text A A Friend in Deed • Ranking activity -- the determining forces in shaping human nature: • Genes; • Family; • Parenting; • Schooling; • Peers; • Socioeconomic factors; • … ? Nature Vs. Nurture

5. Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965) • British novelist, playwright, short-story writer, highest paid author in the world in the 1930s. • Despite his popularity, Maugham did not gain serious recognition – he stood “in the very first row of the second-raters”. • Maugham's skill in handling plot has been compared by critics in the manner of Guy de Maupassant.

6. Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965) • "I have never pretended to be anything but a story teller. It has amused me to tell stories and I have told a great many. It is a misfortune for me that the telling of a story just for the sake of the story is not an activity that is in favor with the intelligentsia." (Creatures of Circumstance, 1947)

7. Maugham, W. Somerset (1874-1965) • He was born in Paris as the youngest son of the solicitor to the British embassy. He learned French as his native tongue. At the age of 10 Maugham was orphaned. • Maugham studied medicine at Heidelberg University and in London. He qualified in 1897 as doctor from St. Thomas' medical school but abandoned medicine after the success of his first novels and plays.

8. 威廉· 萨默塞特· 毛姆 OF HUMAN BONDAGE (1915) 《人性的枷锁》 THE MOON AND SIXPENCE (1919) 《月亮和六便士》 THE TREMBLING OF A LEAF (1921) 《叶之颤抖》 ON CHINESE SCREEN (1922) 《中国见闻录》 THE PAINTED VEIL (1925) 《彩色的面纱》 CAKES AND ALE (1925) 《寻欢作乐》 …

9. Text A A Friend in Deed The author shows us how powerful contrast is in delineating a person’ character. What are your first impressions of • the title? • Edward Burton? How are they changed while you are reading on?

10. Text A A Friend in Deed Text Organization (P.169) Text analysis and language study Exercises

11. Text analysis and language study I Part I (Para. 1) It is no easy job to judge people, for they aren’t always what they appear to be. 1. deceptive (p.160) 2. to shrug (one’s) shoulders (L.2)

12. Text analysis and language study II Part II (Paras. 2-3) Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly. 3. merchant (L. 7) 4. in business (L. 8 ) 5. definite (L.12) 6. station (L. 16 ) 7. dry (L. 22) 8.affectionate (L. 26) 9. benign ( L. 29)

13. Text analysis and language study III Part III (Para3. 4-51) As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to certain death. • the story can be subdivided into 3 sections: Section 1: Para3. 4-16 Section 2: Para3. 17-31 Section 3: Para3. 32-51

14. Text analysis and language study IV Section 1 (Para3. 4-16) What Edward knew about Lenny 10 . frail ( L. 35) 11. lounge (L. 37)

15. Text analysis and language study V Section 2 (Para3. 17-31) How Edward respond to Lenny’s request 12. …he was all to pieces ( L. 85)

16. Text analysis and language study VI Section 3 (Para3. 32-51) How Edward, a “kind” gentleman, handled a friend in desperate need of help 13. on account of (L. 105) 14. creek (L116) 15. “ Done!” ( L.118) 16. dissipation (L.124)

17. 1. deceptive (p.160)’ adj. deceiving or intend to deceive n. deception v. deceive

18. 1. deceptive (p.160)’’ Deceive implies imposing a false idea or belief that causes confusion, bewilderment, or helplessness < The salesman tried to deceive me about the car.> ant. Undeceive, enlighten Mislead implies a leading astray from the truth that may or may not be intentional < I was misled by the confusing sign > Delude implies deceiving so thoroughly as to make one a fool or to make one unable to distinguish the false from the truth < We were deluded into thinking we were safe> ant enlighten Beguile stress the use of charm and persuasion to deceive < His ingratiating ways beguiled us all >

19. 2. to shrug (one’s) shoulders (L.2) to raise (one’s shoulder) esp. as an expression of doubt or lack of interest He shrugged ( his shoulder) saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.

20. 3. merchant (L. 7) merchant n. a person who buys and sells goods, esp. in large amounts in foreign countries <Merchant of Venice a comedy (c.1596) by Shakespear> businessman n. a man in business, esp. as an owner or executive merchantman n. also merchant ship 1) a ship carrying goods for trade 2) {Archaic} a merchant merchantadj. of or used in trade; commercial merchant fleet merchant town

21. 4. in business (L. 8 ) 1) 经商，经营 He is in business himself. 2) 开始工作 The 15-member committee is expected to be in business by early June. on business visit Africa on official business No admittance except on business

22. 5. definite (L.12) Definite stresses precise, clear statement or arrangement that leaves no uncertainty or indecision < The law is definite regarding such cases> ant indefinite, equivocal Explicit implies such verbal plainness and distinctness that there is no need for inference and no reason for ambiguity or difficulty in understanding < The dress code is explicit> ant. Ambiguous Express implies both explicitness and direct and forceful utterance < Her express wish was to be cremated> Specific applies to what is precisely and fully referred to or treated in detail or particular < Two specific criticisms of the proposal > ant vague

23. 6. station (L. 16 ) n. [of + U] (lit.) one’s position in life; social rank: She married beneath her station (= someone of lower rank) people in humble stations 地位低下的人们 all stations of life社会各阶层

24. 7. dry (L. 22) amusing without appearing to be so; quietly ironic I like his dry humor. dry wit

25. 8.affectionate (L. 26)’ full of affection, tender and loving She was very affectionate to / with him affectation n. 1) behavior which is not one’s natural manner: She is sincere and quite without affectation. 2) a feeling or manner that is pretended

26. 8.affectionate (L. 26)’’ affection suggests warm, tender feelings, usually not as powerful or deep as those implied by love < He has no affection for children> love implies intense fondness or deep devotion and may apply to various relationships or objects < sexual love, brotherly love, love of one’s work, etc.>

27. 9. benign ( L. 29)’ adj: 1) having or showing a kind or gentle nature: a benign teacher/ expression 2) med. (of disease) not dangerous to life, not malignant: A benign tumor can usually be cured. 3) favorable, beneficial: a benign effect a benign influence

28. 9. benign ( L. 29)’’ benign suggests a mild or kindly nature and is applied especially to a gracious superior rather than an equal < a benign employer> ant: malign kind implies the possession of sympathetic or generous qualities, either habitually or specifically, or is applied to actions manifesting these < he is kind only to his mother, your kind remarks > ant: unkind kindly stresses more the expression of sympathetic nature, mood, or impulse < take a kindly interest in the poor of the community> ant: unkindly

29. 10 . frail ( L. 35) adj. Slenderer and delicate; not robust; frailsuggests an inherent or constitutional delicacy or weakness, so as to be easily broken or shattered < a ~ body, conscience, etc > weakthe broadest in application of these words, basically implied a lack of inferiority of physical, mental or moral strength <a ~ muscle, mind, character, foundation, excuse> feeblesuggests a pitiable weakness or ineffectiveness < a ~ old man, a feeble joke> infirmsuggests a loss of strength or soundness, as through illness or age < his infirm old grandfather>

30. 11. lounge (L. 37) • a comfortable room for sitting in, as in a house, hotel, or inn: arrivals lounges in principal airports v. 1) to stand or sit in a leaning lazy manner : lounge against the wall; lounge on a sofa 2) to pass (time) in a lazy manner, doing nothing: She lounged the afternoon away at the beach. He lounged away the day reading

31. 12. …he was all to pieces ( L. 85) 1) to break into pieces; fall apart The ship went to pieces on the rock. The economy of that country went to pieces. 2) to lose all-self-control, morally or emotionally She went to pieces when her husband died. of a (one) piece (with) pick up the pieces pick ( pull) to pieces

32. 13. on account of (L. 105) - because of resign on account of age on account - on a charge account: He owed $50 and sent me $10 on account. on no account - also not on any accountnot under any circumstances: On no account should you go. on/for someone’s account - for someone’s sake I hope you didn’t bring beer to the picnic just on my account.

33. 14. creek (L116) n. a small stream , somewhat larger than a brook brook,< creek,< stream.

34. 15. “ Done!” ( L.118) =“Agreed!”; “I accept”! - “I ‘ll give you $5 for it” -“Done!”

35. 16. dissipation (L.124)         n. the continual search for foolish or dangerous pleasure a life of dissipation 放荡生活 dissipations of life 生活里种种无意义的消遣

36. Exercises for Unit 5 D • To be _____, I don’t think you have the talent to be a great violinist. A. open B. plain C. general D. candid 2. They have _____ many horrible crimes against the Chinese people. A. done B. made C. took D. committed 3. The_____ of thought in the country has turned against war. A. tide B. flood C. current D. currency D C

37. Exercises for Unit 5 C 4. An _____woman came to consult him about her throat. A. older B. elder C. elderly D. eldest 5. Seeing a plain roared towards him, Tom was in a blue _____. A. frank B. funk C. funeral D. furnace 6. It’s _____ to fly in this weather. A. mad B. crazy C. crazed D. insane B D

38. Exercises for Unit 5 B 7. She has too _____a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause. A. bland B. mild C. militant D. middling 8. Take a _____ of my drink and see if you like it or not. A. suck B. sip C. lick D. lap 9. Don’t bother to look for my umbrella, it will _____ some day. A. turn over B. turn up C. turn out D. turn on B B

39. Exercises for Unit 5 C 10. _____, we were just talking about the same thing. A. Too oddly B. Too strange C. Oddly enough D. Strength enough 11. If trade’s no better next month, we shall go _____ and then what will you do for jobs?. A. stuck B. blocked C. broke D. blank 12. His actions and principles are all _____ a piece. A. to B. in C. by D. of C D

40. Exercises for unit 5 C 13. I don’t think the answer lies simply in their physical _____ or in something unique about the climate in which they live. It is concerned with their attitude toward life. A. physician B. constitute C. constitution D. institute 14. In many large cities of the UK, there are many people who are _____. They have no money, no friends and no time. A. down-to-earth B. down and out C. up and down D. odds and ends B

41. Exercises for Unit 5 B 15. He always _____ his beard with a pair of scissors instead of a razor. A. cuts B. trims C. plucks D. trains 16. He was _____ when he heard he was promoted. He had suffered too many years from his wife’s endless complaints. A. taken aback B. taken ahead C. taken away D. taken after 17. Many people are of the opinion that advertisements are _____. A. receptive B. conceptive C. deceptive D. deception A C

42. Exercises for Unit 5 C 18. He never cares about such _____ as he is a broad-minded man. A. stifles B. strife C. trifles D. strives 19. His behavior has _____ shown that he is trustworthy person. A. imaginatively B. intuitively C. evidently D. instinctively 20. He accepted our invitation to hold this party _____. A. in good grace B. out of a good grace C. with a good grace D. with better grace C C

43. Exercises for Unit 5 B 21. Seeing the cute baby, I couldn’t help _____ his cheek tenderly. A. teasing B. stroking C. contacting D.rubbing 22. Students will be punished if their behavior is not _____ school rules and regulations. A. in accordance to B. in accordance with C. in according to D. with accord to 23. Trust your _____ and do what you think is right. A. self B. confidence C. instincts D. nature B C

44. Exercises for Unit 5 B 24. You’ll soon go all to _____ if you keep on working like that. A. bits B. pieces C. segments D. parts 25. Can’t you see all what he told us are _____ lies? A. opaque B. transparent C. thorough D. entire 26. I peg your pardon? I don’t know what you are _____. A. driving by B. driving on C. driving at D. driving off B C

45. Exercises for unit 5 B 27. She has been in bad _____ these days so she asked for a sick leave from the office. A. time B. condition C. way D. mood 28. He is making some progress in his work since his last project was well done _____. A. in a way B. in a day C. in a lay D. in a ray 29. He doesn’t think he is suitable for this job for his own _____. A. reason B. idea C. division D. part A D

46. Exercises for Unit 5 B 30. We have a _____ for a computer programmer.. A. vacant B. vacancy C. emptiness D. gap KEY to Exercises for Unit 5 1---10 DDCCB DBBBC 11---20 CDCBB ACCCC 21---30 BBCBB CBADB

47. Thank You!