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Hydrogen Economy

Methanol Economy. Hydrogen Economy. vs. Ryan Morrison ChE 384 11/20/2006. Outline. Introduction Hydrogen Production, Storage, Distribution Methanol Production, Storage, Distribution Fuel Cells Conclusions. Introduction. Persistent fossil fuel burning

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Hydrogen Economy

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  1. Methanol Economy Hydrogen Economy vs. Ryan Morrison ChE 384 11/20/2006

  2. Outline • Introduction • Hydrogen • Production, Storage, Distribution • Methanol • Production, Storage, Distribution • Fuel Cells • Conclusions

  3. Introduction • Persistent fossil fuel burning • Adverse effects on the climate (global warming) • World needs to dig itself out • Will cost an arm & a leg • Hydrogen/Methanol are proposed solutions

  4. Hydrogen • Infinitely abundant • Ideally clean burning fuel • No CO2 with H2O as a by-product

  5. Hydrogen Production • Worldwide production is 50 million tonnes per year • Steam reforming of fossil fuels • Produces CO2, so potential for capture/sequestration • Electrolysis of water • Highly energy intensive, but highly efficient

  6. Hydrogen Storage • Compressed H2 in carbon fiber tanks • 5,000 – 10,000 psi • Liquid H2 • -253 oC cooling required, or else boil-off • Absorption • Solid state uptake/release

  7. Hydrogen Storage • Compressed H2 in carbon fiber tanks • 5,000 – 10,000 psi • Liquid H2 • -253 oC cooling required, or else boil-off • Absorption • Solid state uptake/release

  8. Hydrogen Distribution • Centralized & decentralized locations • Both have their differences in CO2 capture, transportation methods, and safety • Common ground is magnitude of capital investment

  9. Methanol • Liquid fuel • Precursor to ethylene/propylene

  10. Methanol Production • Worldwide production is 32 million tonnes per year • Steam reforming of fossil fuels • Syngas reacts with H2 • Direct conversion from CO2 • From captured flue gas or atmosphere

  11. Methanol Storage & Distribution • Current filling stations and storage vessels can be re-used or retrofit • Only minor changes to materials of construction or coatings

  12. Fuel Cells • Uses chemical energy to produce electricity directly • Low operating temperature, volume, weight • High efficiency • Methanol fuel cells are more reasonable now until H2 issues are settled

  13. Conclusions • Hydrogen has too many issues • Methanol would be a good substitute fuel for gasoline • Neither are 100% proven, so hybrid devices will control markets • Fate of methanol or hydrogen is coupled with fate of fuel cells

  14. Questions

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