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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Elements combine to form Compound. Name the Element. Write chemical symbols for common elements: ( i ) Hydrogen- (ii) Sodium- (iii) Potassium- (iv) Magnesium- (v) Calcium- (vi) Iron- (vii) Nickel- (viii) Copper-. (ix) Zinc- (x) Carbon- (xi) Nitrogen- (xii) Oxygen-

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Elements combine to form Compound

  2. Name the Element Write chemical symbols for common elements: (i) Hydrogen- (ii) Sodium- (iii) Potassium- (iv) Magnesium- (v) Calcium- (vi) Iron- (vii) Nickel- (viii) Copper-

  3. (ix) Zinc- (x) Carbon- (xi) Nitrogen- (xii) Oxygen- (xiii) Neon- (xiv) Helium- (xv) Chlorine- (xvi) Silicon- (xvii) Silver- (xviii)Gold- (xix) Mercury- (xx) Lead-

  4. Properties of metals shiny ductile and malleable conduct electricity conduct heat

  5. Properties of non-metals dull non-ductile and non- malleable do not conduct electricity do not conduct heat well

  6. Properties of Metalloids shiny or dull non-ductile and non-malleable may conduct electricity do not conduct heat well

  7. Properties of transition metals. shiny ductile and malleable conduct electricity conduct heat

  8. Compounds A pure substance made of two or more kinds of elementsthat are chemically combined in fixed proportions. Represented by a chemical formula. Examples – Water (H2O), Table Salt (NaCl)

  9. Compounds are held together by Chemical bonds. Compounds are either ionic or covalent (molecular).

  10. Model of the compound HCl( hydrochloric acid)

  11. Covalent Compounds Atoms combine by sharing electrons to form molecules. Moleculesare a group of atoms held together by sharing one or more pairs of electrons. Examples include carbon dioxide and water.

  12. Covalent Compounds are formed from non-metalsonly. They do not conduct electricity. May be a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.

  13. Examples of Covalent Compounds: Table sugar C12H22O11 Carbon Dioxide CO2 Water H2O Methane CH4

  14. Ionic Compounds Atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions. All the positive ions attract all the negative ions everywhere in the same crystal. Formed from metals and non-metals.

  15. Ionic Compounds All are solid at room temperature. High melting and boiling points. Will conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water. Are also called “salts”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww&feature=related

  16. Examples of Ionic Compounds: Examples of Ionic Compounds: NaCl Sodium Chloride CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate Na2SO4 Sodium Sulfite NaOH Sodium Hydroxide

  17. Naming Compounds Every compound has a... 1.Name: indicates the elements present in the compound 2.Formula: indicates the symbols and ratio of each element present in the compound.

  18. Rules for Naming Compounds • Ionic Compounds • See page 81-2 • Covalent Compounds • See page 83 • Complete practice problems on • pages 82 &83

  19. Naming Ionic Compounds • The metal ion's name does not change • The non-metal's name ends in ide. • Examples:    AlCl3 = aluminum chloride Na2S= sodium sulfide K2O = potassium oxide MgH2 = magnesium hydride

  20. Naming Covalent Compounds • In order to be effective in using prefixes to name compounds containing two non-metals, these prefixes must be committed to memory: mono- 1 hepta- 7 di- 2 octa- 8 tri- 3 nona- 9 tetra- 4 deca- 10 penta- 5 hexa- 6

  21. Names to Formulas 1. Write symbols of elements 2. Write number of atoms

  22. Example #1-Names to Formulas Sulfur trioxide 1. Write symbols of elements S O 3 2. Write number of atoms If no prefix on 1st atom, then 1 is implied and not written

  23. Example #2-Names to Formulas dichlorineheptaoxide Cl O 2 7

  24. Example #3-Names to Formulas dinitrogentetraoxide N O 2 4

  25. Example #4-Names to Formulas phosphorus pentachloride P Cl 5 1 If no prefix on 1st atom, then 1 is implied and not written P Cl Final Formula 5

  26. Example #5-Names to Formulas dinitrogen trisulfide N S 2 3

  27. Cl O 2 7 Example #6: dichlorineheptaoxide

  28. Example #7-Names to Formulas dinitrogen monoxide N O 2 1 If no prefix, then 1 is implied and not written N O Final Formula 2

  29. Examples #1- Formulas to Names 1. Write names of elements 3. Add “ide” to ending of the second atom. CCl4 2. Write number of atoms chlor mono carbon tetra ide If first prefix is mono, it is implied and not written Final Formula tetra chloride carbon

  30. Examples #3- Formulasto Names N2S5 nitrogen di sulfide penta

  31. Ionic and Covalent Bonds http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6o-eqGUBCY&feature=related

  32. New ionic song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-V1oW6oENI

  33. Physical /Chemical Changes http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8685-states-of-matter-chemical-changes-video.htm

  34. STSE Plastics http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/31279-corn-corn-plastic-video.htm

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