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Self and Moral Development

Self and Moral Development. Middle Childhood thru Early Adolescence. Formations of Self Concept. Preschool Early School Age Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence. Ratio of aspirations to successes. Class activity. Social comparisons.

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Self and Moral Development

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  1. Self and Moral Development Middle Childhood thru Early Adolescence

  2. Formations of Self Concept • Preschool • Early School Age • Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence

  3. Ratio of aspirations to successes • Class activity

  4. Social comparisons • Cls w/ lower self-esteem will be more effected by external evaluative messages and are more reactive to social feedback • Are reluctant to call attention to selves and more self protective

  5. Self esteem • Competence • In important (to the client) domains Plus • Social Support

  6. Gender, Race, & Ethnicity • Girls vs. Boys • Minorities

  7. Morality • 1) Capacity to judge right from wrong • 2) Preferring to act in ways judged right • NOT THE SAME AS RELIGION

  8. Morality • Concern for others • Sense of justice • Trustworthiness • Self-control

  9. Moral Development Theories • Freud’s: Not supported by research • 3-5 yrs; superego; identification • Piaget: Not exactly accurate • Premoral • Heteronomous 5-8 • Autonomous 8-12 • Kohlberg: Not exactly accurate • Preconventional • Conventional • Post-Conventional

  10. So what do we know • By age 3 children judge moral rules as more serious than conventional rules • By 4 to 5 they will not want to break a moral rule even if told to do so by an adult • By 9-10 they can classify moral vs conventional rules • By adolescence they tend to believe parents have the right to regulate and enforce moral behavior, may have minimal conflict around conventional behavior, and have high conflict around personal rules

  11. Altruism • Emotions • After preschool children: • Decentering +understanding others emotions + perspective taking + role taking = increased empathy/sympathy Older children- abstract thinking allows for empathy toward groups not observed • Cognitions: need-based reasoning-balancing personal/other needs • Pre-school: concern for own needs • Early Elem: may see other’s needs & act on them, no guilt • Later Elem: recognize helping is required/ socially approved • Adol +: sympathy, guilt, duty, self-respect, consistency w/ own values • Other • Positive self concept (competent & secure) & assertiveness -> altruistic

  12. Parenting that promotes Altruism • Authoritative w/ mild power assertion & induction • Parents modeling pro social values & happiness @ altruism • Altruistic role models they respect • Provide opportunities for prosocial action

  13. Other ways to promote empathy • Help empathize w/ other’s distress • Focus on other vs. self = self-control • Increase affective & cog empathy • Balance concern for self w/ concern for others

  14. Applications • Self esteem • Inflated but tentative self-esteem • Real vs perceived self dissonance • Realistic view of social support • Internalized values/standards • Parents firm and nurturing • Community relationships

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