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Developmental Psychology

Developmental Psychology. The study of changes as a person matures Physical, social, emotional, intellectual, moral. physical. emotional. perceptual. language. social. cognitive. moral. Child Psychology. Infancy and Childhood. Nature. Nurture. Biological. Environment. Newborns.

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Developmental Psychology

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  1. Developmental Psychology • The study of changes as a person matures • Physical, social, emotional, intellectual, moral

  2. physical emotional perceptual language social cognitive moral

  3. Child Psychology

  4. Infancy and Childhood

  5. Nature Nurture Biological Environment

  6. Newborns • Infants are born with automatic reflexes • Grasping reflex • Rooting reflex

  7. Newborns Primary Reflexes

  8. Physical Development • The result of maturation and learning • Maturation: The internally programmed growth of a child • Learning: relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from responses that change as a result of experience • Maturation Readiness – An individual child’s timeline.

  9. Physical Development Infants develop in the same order; some earlier than others.

  10. Perceptual Development • Look at their bodies and surroundings • Infants are born with perception skills • Display visual preferences • Perceive 3-D space

  11. Perceptual Development Three or four month old infants show a strong preference for faces and patterns, suggesting that infants are born with and develop visual preferences.

  12. Perceptual Development • Infants display the ability to perceive three-dimensional The Visual Cliff • 6 months and older see the drop as dangerous

  13. The Visual Cliff Experiment

  14. Language Development • First must learn to make the sign or sound • Give it meaning • Learn grammar • First year – many varying sounds • Later – babble sounds more like own language – imitate parents’ speech • Sounds as symbols in year 2 – vocabulary of 50 words • Add 5 – 10 words a day until age 5 • Age 2 – “telegraph speech” • “Where my apple?” “Daddy fall down.”

  15. Cognitive Development Thinking

  16. Cognitive Development Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980

  17. Cognitive Development Jean Piaget 1896 - 1980

  18. How Knowing Changes Cognitive Development • Schemas: mental representations of the world • Assimilation: The process of fitting objects and experiences into our schemas • Accommodation: The adjustment of one’s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences.

  19. How Knowing Changes Cognitive Development

  20. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  21. Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years old • Behavior consists of simple motor responses • Lack object permanence • An 18 or 24 month old has developed object permanence • The child can now engage in what Piaget called representational thought

  22. Object Permanence • A child’s realization that an object exists even when he or she can not see or touch it.

  23. Sensorimotor Babies lack the concept of object permanence

  24. Representational Thought • The ability to picture (represent) things in their mind • Ability to use symbols • Soon will develop language skills

  25. Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years old

  26. Preoperational 2 - 7 years old • Have object permanence but lack concept of conservation • Exhibit egocentric thinking • Between the ages of 5 and 7, most children begin to understand conservation.

  27. Preoperational 2 to 7 years old

  28. Concrete operations 7 - 11 years old • Begins to understand and masters conservation • Classification abilities improve • Has trouble with abstract ideas

  29. Concrete operations 7 - 11 years old

  30. Formal Operations 11 years old + • Understands abstract ideas and hypothetical situations • Capable of logical and deductive reasoning

  31. Formal Operations 11 years +

  32. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  33. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  34. Emotional Development Feelings

  35. Harry Harlow1905-1981 Emotional Development Surrogate Mother Experiments with rhesus monkeys “What makes a mother most important?”

  36. Emotional Development “What makes a mother most important?” Physical contact comfort Feelings

  37. Harry Harlow Surrogate Mothers Experiment

  38. Harry Harlow Surrogate Mothers Experiment

  39. Harry Harlow1905-1981 Emotional Development Surrogate Mother Experiments with rhesus monkeys “What makes a mother most important?”

  40. Emotional Development Feelings “What makes a mother most important?

  41. Separation Anxiety

  42. Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Separation Anxiety • Types of Attachment in Children • Secure Attachment • Avoidance Attachment • Resistant Attachment • Disorganized Attachment 1913-1999

  43. Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation

  44. Parenting Styles

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