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Module 1 : EIGRP – Part1

Module 1 : EIGRP – Part1. By Sang Gon Lee. EIGRP 개요. Enhanced( 개선된 )”Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP 기반으로 하여 발전된 것 . Cisco 특허 , released in 1994 근본적 동기 : classless of IGRP 를 해결 , 새로운 convergence algorithm, DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) 을 개발적용

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Module 1 : EIGRP – Part1

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  1. Module 1 : EIGRP – Part1 By Sang Gon Lee

  2. EIGRP 개요 • Enhanced(개선된)”Interior Gateway Routing Protocol • IGRP 기반으로 하여 발전된 것. • Cisco 특허, released in 1994 • 근본적 동기 : classless of IGRP를 해결,새로운 convergence algorithm, DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm)을 개발적용 • IGRP는 IOS releases 12.2(13)T and 12.2(R1s4)S in 2005 이후 사용 중단 • EIGRP : advanced distance-vector routing protocol. • 의존 : link-state protocols 특징. (sometimes called a hybrid routing protocol).

  3. EIGRP 기초와 특징

  4. EIGRP 특징 • 수렴이 빠름. - 라우팅에서 대체라우터 사용 • VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask) 사용 • 서버넷 마스크 전파 • 한 라우터에서 다른 길이의 서버넷 마스크 사용 가능 • 부분 업데이터 - 변한 라우팅 정보만 • 다양한 네트워크 프로토콜 지원 - Appletalk, IPX • protocol-dependent modules

  5. 핵심 구성 요소

  6. 프로토콜-종속 모듈 지원

  7. EIGRP 이웃 발견 및 복구 이웃 관계설립 후 –주기적 확인 –단절 - 복구 시 이웃 재정립

  8. DUAL 알고리즘

  9. EIGRP 구성요소와 작동

  10. EIGRP Tables

  11. EIGRP 이웃 Table • Neighbor address이웃 라우터 네트워크주소. • Queue count :대기중인 패킷 수, 값이 크면 과잉밀집. • Smooth Round Trip Timer (SRTT) : 이웃까지 패킷이 왕복하는데 걸리는 평균시간 • Hold Time : Hello를 받지 않고 대기하는 시간.

  12. EIGRP Topology Table

  13. Topology Table Question: EIGRP가 topology table을 가지고 있으므로 링크상태 라우팅 프로토콜이라 할 수 있는가? Answer: • 아니다. 토플로지 테이블에 있는 정보는 완전한 네트워크 토플로지를 묘사하는 LSA의 형식이 아니다. • EIGRP topology 테이블은 라우터의 인접 이웃 통과하는 것에 관한 정보만 포함하고 있다. • 또한, EIGRP는 최단 경로트리 계산 알고리즘을 하여 최단 경로 계산을 하지 않는다. 대신 DUAL을 사용한다. Alex Zinin, Cisco IP Routing

  14. IP Routing Table • EIGRP chooses the best (that is, successor) routes to a destination from the topology table and places these routes in the routing table. • Each EIGRP router maintains a topology table for each network protocol. • EIGRP displays both internal EIGRP routes and external EIGRP routes. RouterB#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B – BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0 D 172.16.0.0 [90/2681856] via 10.1.1.0, Serial0 D EX 192.168.1.0 [170/2681856] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:04, Serial0

  15. EIGRP Hello Time & Hold Time

  16. EIGRP Packet Exchange Example

  17. EIGRP Metric Calculation

  18. EIGRP Metric Calculation Example • Bandwidth = (10,000,000 / 256) * 256 = 10,000,000 • Delay = [2000 + 2000 + 2000 + 2000] * 256 = 2,048,000 • Metric = bandwidth + delay =10,000,000 + 2,048,000 =12,048,000

  19. Displaying Interface Values Router> show interface s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is QUICC Serial Description: Out to VERIO Internet address is 207.21.113.186/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 246/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) <output omitted> Routing Table Metric • Default: Slowest of bandwidth plus the sum of the delays of all outgoing interfaces from “this router” to the destination network. Bandwidth Delay Reliability Load

  20. The Routing Table How does SanJose2 calculate the cost for this route? SanJose2#show ip route D 192.168.72.0/24 [90/2172416] via 192.168.64.6, 00:28:26, Serial0 Administrative Distance / Metric

  21. Displaying Interface Values Westasman> show interface fa0/0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.7b3a.cf84 (bia 0010.7b3a.cf84) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 <output omitted> SanJose2> show interface s0/0 Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is QUICC Serial Description: Out to Westasman Internet address is 192.168.64.5/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 246/255 <output omitted>

  22. Determining the costs What is the cost (metric) for 192.168.72.0/24 from SanJose2? Delay = 2,560 Cost: Slowest bandwidth + sum of delays Fa0/0 192.168.72.1/24 1,657,856512,000 2,560 --------------2,172,416 Bandwidth = 25,600 Westasman S0/0 192.168.64.2/30 S0/1 192.168.64.6/30 The cost! Delay = 512,000 S0/0 192.168.64.1/30 S0/0 192.168.64.5/30 Fa0/0 192.168.1.2/24 Bandwidth = 1,657,856 SanJose1 SanJose2 Slowest! Fa0/0 192.168.1.1/24 bandwidth = (10,000,000/bandwidth kbps) * 256 delay = (delay/10) * 256 EIGRP AS 100

  23. VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)

  24. Configuring EIGRP for IP networks Router(config)#router eigrpautonomous-system-number • autonomous-system-number : 한 인터네트워크 안에서는 동일한 번호 사용 Router(config-router)#networknetwork-number • The network command : 연결된 네트워크 Router(config-router)#eigrp log-neighbor-changes • 이웃의 상태 변화에 관한 관찰을 기록 Router(config-if)#bandwidthkilobits • 시리얼 링크의 설정 시 중요. 디폴트로 T1 스피트로 설정.

  25. Configuring Basic EIGRP Example

  26. Configuring Basic EIGRP Example • 와일드 카드는 AS의 라우터가 외부 AS과 연결되는 경우에 유용하다. 와일드 카드를 사용하여 설정함으로써 다른 AS의 라우터와 이웃관계를 맺는 것을 막아준다.

  27. Configure Basic Propagation of Default Route 주의 : [*] in the routing table : candidate default network

  28. Static Default Routes • ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0/0  EIGRP에서는 0.0.0.0 가 이웃에 전달된다. RIP과는 다르다.

  29. Verifying EIGRP Example • R1에서는 172.16.0.0이, R2에서는 172.17.0.0이 전파된다. • 메이저 네트워크 경계에서 자동 요약 때문.

  30. The show ip eigrp neighbors Command • display the EIGRP IP neighbor table

  31. The show ip route eigrp Command • IP routing table에서 EIGRP 경로를 표시. • 경로 타입 : 내부(internal), external(외부), 요약(summary) • D : 내부 EIGRP, D EX : 외부 EIGRP.

  32. The show ip protocols Command • 라우터에서 실행 중인 모든 동적 routing protocols에 관한 정보를 표시.

  33. The show ip eigrp interfaces Command • EIGRP을 위해 설정된 인터페이스에 관한 정보를 표시 • Peers : Number of directly connected EIGRP neighbors. • Pacing Time Un/Reliable : Pacing time used to determine when EIGRP packets should be sent out the interface (unreliable and reliable packets). • Multicast Flow Timer: Maximum number of seconds in which the router sends multicast EIGRP packets. • Pending Routes : Number of routes in the packets in the transmit queue waiting to be sent.

  34. The show ip eigrp topology Command • P (Passive): Network is available • A (Active): Network is currently unavailable • U (Update): Network is being updated. • Q (Query): sent a query packet to a neighbor router. • R (Reply status): generating a reply for this network. • S (Stuck-in-active status): EIGRP convergence problem

  35. The show ip eigrp traffic Command • display the number of various EIGRP packets sent and received

  36. Implementing Advanced EIGRP Features

  37. Summarizing EIGRP Routes: no auto-summary • classful 경계에서 EIGRP는 자동적으로 경로요약 실행 • classful 경계: 클래스를 기준으로 나누어지는 경계.

  38. Summarizing EIGRP Routes: no auto-summary • 서버 네트워크의 경계가 불연속이면, 자동 요약을 disable 시켜야 한다. • Router(config-router)#no auto-summary

  39. Summarizing EIGRP Routes: Interface Summarization - 수동 Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrpautonomous-system-number ip-address mask administrative-distance RTC(config)#router eigrp 2446 RTC(config-router)#no auto-summary RTC(config-router)#exit RTC(config)#interface serial0/0 RTC(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 2446 2.1.0.0 255.255.0.0

  40. Summarizing EIGRP Routes: Interface Summarization RTC’s Routing Table: D 2.1.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:00:22, Null0 • Notice that the summary route is sourced from Null0, and not an actual interface. • On RTC, this route has an administrative distance of 5. • RTD assigns the route the administrative distance of a "normal" EIGRP route, which is 90, by default

  41. Configuring Manual Route Summarization Example

  42. Load Balancing Across Equal Cost Paths • maximum-pathsmaximum-path command Load Balancing Across Unequal Cost Paths

  43. Load Balancing Across Unequal Cost Paths Example • Minimum D(FD) < DISTANCE < FD*variance : 부하 밸런싱에 포함

  44. EIGRP Bandwidth Use Across WAN Links

  45. Bandwidth Utilization over WAN Interfaces

  46. Configuring EIGRP in a Frame Relay Hub-and-Spoke Topology • In a point-to-point topology, 모든 가상회선은 동일하게 취급된다. 따라서 각 (서버) 인터레이스는 25kpbs(1/10) 대역폭을 할당 받는다. • 110% BW = 25x110%= 27.5kbps

  47. Configuring EIGRP in a Hybrid Multipoint Topology 256 * 3 = 768

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