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The New Testament:

The New Testament:. “And the Word became flesh, and dwelled among us…” John 1:14. Ch. 16: The World of the New Testament. Homework. (due Tues., 3/24) Read pp. 288-289(middle); NB: Intro & # I (due Weds., 3/25) Read 289-291; NB: II-IV

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The New Testament:

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  1. The New Testament: “And the Word became flesh, and dwelled among us…” John 1:14

  2. Ch. 16: The World of the New Testament

  3. Homework • (due Tues., 3/24) Read pp. 288-289(middle); NB: Intro & # I • (due Weds., 3/25) Read 289-291; NB: II-IV • (due Mon., 3/30) Read pp. 292-294(middle); NB: V-VI • (due Mon.,3/30) Read pp. 294-298(middle); NB: VII-IX

  4. Homework • (due Tues., 3/31) Read pp. 298-300; NB: X-XI • (due Thurs., 4/2) Prepare for Review • (Weds., 4/8) TEST on Ch. 16

  5. The Prophecies Fulfilled • Maccabean revolt (167-160 B.C.) won Jewish independence • 4 major results of revolt?? (#1) • Hasmonean dynasty(134-63B.C.)

  6. The Prophecies Fulfilled • John Hyrcanus I • High Priest-King in Hasmonean line • 134-104B.C. • Conquered all former territory in Israel (#2) • Forced all non-Jews to be circumcised or leave (ouch!)-why? • Sign of being fully Jewish • “Cleansed” nation of pagan influence (#3-4)

  7. The Prophecies Fulfilled • Aristobulus (104-103B.C.), next High Priest declared himself king… some thought him Messiah, but… • not in line of David • Israel became divided over who would be Messiah… (#5)

  8. Judaism in Jesus’ time: 4 Major Groups • Pharisees • Sadducees • Essenes • Zealots

  9. Pharisees • “separate” or “pious” ones • most influential group • laymen/ not official clergy • focus: • Strict living of Law(Torah) • No compromise w/ gentiles (Romans) (#7-9) • Expected MESSIAH WHO STRICLY TAUGHT THE LAW

  10. Sadducees • Priestly aristocracy (high priests) • Concerned w/ Temple practices/ worship • Generally wealthy/establishment • Politics: supported Hasmoneans/Romans (#10) • Expected HIGH PRIESTLY MESSIAH

  11. Essenes • Monastic community • Lived in desert around Dead Sea • Believed Jerusalem priesthood and worship were impure • Focus: pure living of Law • Apocalyptic group: awaited a New Age/ Kingdom of God • Expected SPIRITUAL/OTHER-WORLDLY MESSIAH

  12. Zealots • “sicarii” (“dagger-carriers”) • hated foreign Roman rule • basically, terrorists: use of violence, etc. • Kingdom of God by force • Led revolts against Rome (66-70; 132-135 AD) • Expected MILITARY “BIN-LADIN”-LIKE MESSIAH

  13. …and you??? • Reflect & write on: • What is your “image” of God? Who is God for you/in your life? • What role do you honestly expect God to play in your daily life/in the world? • Is that expectation fair? Why/why not?

  14. After the Maccabees • (#11) • Israel divided into factions • Eventually conquered by Romans in 63 B.C. • Herod the Great installed as “puppet” king in 40 B.C.

  15. Herod the Great • Ruled from c. 40-4 B.C. • Beseiged Jerusalem w/ 60,000 Roman troops • Called “the Great” > economic prosperity under his reign (#12-14)

  16. “Fullness of Time” • Pax Romana: • Roman “peace”/order from Augustus> 5th c. • Benefits? (#15) • Why the “fullness of time” for Christ’s coming?

  17. Religion in Roman Empire • (# 16) • Romans tolerated any religion, if • Obedience • Taxes!! • Some idea of God thru philosophy (#17-18)

  18. Spread of Jewish Religion • 3 Key factors: • Jews lived throughout empire • The Septuagint (LXX) • The rise of synagogues

  19. Spread of Jewish Religion • Jews were spread throughout Roman empire (#19-20) • Popularity of Judaism • Prepared “the Nations” for coming of the Christ

  20. Spread of Jewish Religion • The Septuagint or LXX made God’s revelation known throughout Greek & Roman empires (#21)

  21. Spread of Jewish Religion • Synagogue had replaced Temple as center of Jewish life • Why? (#22) • How connected to our Christian worship? (#23)

  22. Proselytes of the Gate • Judaism very popular in Roman empire- why? • Who were they? (#24) • They were more ready to “receive the Christian message- why? (#25)

  23. Judea and Galilee • After Babylonian exile, people re-settled • Mostly in south, around Jerusalem (former Judah > Judea • Some in north, into Galilee (w/in former “Israel”) (#27) • Trouble w/ Palestine for Rome? (#26)

  24. The Samaritans • (#28) • Ethnically mixed (w/ pagan peoples) • Worshipped the One God but differently • Other Samaritan… stuff (#29-32)

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