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POLUAREA ECOSISTEMELOR ACVATICE

POLUAREA ECOSISTEMELOR ACVATICE. Prof. Dr. Carmen Postolache. Poluanti specifici ai ecosistemelor acvatice. Materie organica Nutrienti Metale grele Pesticide Alti compusi chimici de sinteza. Definitie. Definitie :

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POLUAREA ECOSISTEMELOR ACVATICE

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  1. POLUAREA ECOSISTEMELOR ACVATICE Prof. Dr. Carmen Postolache

  2. Poluanti specifici ai ecosistemelor acvatice • Materieorganica • Nutrienti • Metalegrele • Pesticide • Alticompusichimici de sinteza

  3. Definitie • Definitie: • Proces natural prin care ecosistemeleacvatice (lotice, lentice) devinexcesiv de bogate in nutrienti, in special cu azotsifosfor. • Este caleaprincipalaprin care • un corp de apatrece de la o • stare in care nutrientiisunt in • cantitate mica (oligotrofa)….

  4. Definitie • printr-o fazausormaibogata (mezotrofa) • catreunabogata in nutrienti (eutrofa).

  5. Consecinte • Crestereaproductivitatiiprimare - inflorirealgala • Anoxie • Descrestereaproductieisecundare • Probleme de calitateaapei • Problemeestetice

  6. Factori de comanda ai eutrofozarii • Lumina – esteatenuataprinpatrundere in apa • Atenuarealuminii= descrestereaenergieiluminiidatoritaabsorbtieisiimprastierii in coloana de apa • Claritateacoloanei de apaafecteazaatenuarealuminii – lacurileeutrofeatenueazacelmaimultlumina – procesul de fotosinteza are loc numai la adancimimici. • transparenta = unuldintreindicatoriistarii de eutrofizare

  7. Factori de comanda ai eutrofozarii

  8. Factori de comanda ai eutrofizarii • Observatimodificarilepescala y: • Lacurieutrofe: 60 grame carbon/m2/zi • Mezotrofe = 2 grame carbon/m2/zi • Oligotrofe = 0.2 grame carbon/m2/zi • Este lumina factor limitant? • Dacada, care artrebuisa fie caracteristicile in oceane? • Productieridicata in zonaecuatoriala?

  9. Factori de comanda ai eutrofizarii

  10. Factori de comanda ai eutrofizarii • Este ceamairidicataproductivitate a oceanelor in zonaecuatoriala? • Productivitateaceamairidicataeste de-a lungulcoastelor, la latitudinetemperata • Procesulestelimitat de nutrienti: • Azotsifosfor • Fe ?

  11. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii • Stareatrofica se reprezintape o scala de la 0-100. Fiecarecrestere cu 10 diviziuni a indiceluitroficreprezinta o dublare a biomaseialgale. • Indicelepoateficalculat cu ajutoruladancimiiSecchi, clorofileisau PT.

  12. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii • Indicatoriaistariitrofice Dupa Wetzel 1983

  13. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii • Ecuatii de calculsicorelare: • ln SD = 2.04 – 0.68 lnChl • lnChl = 1.449 ln TP – 2.442 • ln SD = 3.876 – 0.98 ln TP • TSI = 60 – (14.41 ln SD) • TSI = (9.81 lnChl) + 30.6 • TSI = (14.42 ln TP) + 4.15 • SD = adancimeaSecchi (m) • Chl = continutul in clorofila (mg/m3) • TP = fosfor total (mg/m3)

  14. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii • Indicelestariitrofice (TSI) siparametriiasociati

  15. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii • Perifiton: • Fitoplancton

  16. Relatia dintre PPN si diversitate

  17. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii

  18. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii Relatiadintreconcentratia in TN sicea de clorofilapentru 200 rauri din zonatemperata, diferentiateduparaportul N/P (W. Dodds, K. Lohmansi V. Smith)

  19. Indicatoriaieutrofizarii Relatiadintreconcentratia in TN siprocentul de terenagricolsi al asezarilorumane din bazinulhidrografic (Omernick, 1977)

  20. Masuri de limitare a eutrofizarii

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