1 / 52

& Beyond

What is the Cold War?. & Beyond. The Ideological Struggle. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]. US & the Western Democracies. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism. GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan]. METHODOLOGIES:

ginata
Télécharger la présentation

& Beyond

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. What is the Cold War? & Beyond

  2. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear proliferation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist & command economy vs. Democratic & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  3. The “Iron Curtain” • Established 1945 • Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe develop as buffer between Democracies of Western Europe From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

  4. Truman Doctrine [1947] • Civil War in Greece. • Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. • The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. • The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid. CONTAIN COMMUNISM

  5. Marshall Plan [1948] • “European Recovery Program.” • Secretary of State, George Marshall • The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. • $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected]. Provide aid to Europe & Prevent the spread of COMMUNISM

  6. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 Creates 2nd world power that is Communist takeover of China in 1949

  7. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

  8. Warsaw Pact (1955) • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

  9. The Cold War was very costly in lives. • Korean War -1950-53 • A divided Korea led to war, separated family members, and cost a million lives, including 48,000 Americans. • Created divided Korea: North (Communist) South (Democratic) • Vietnam War -1963-1972 • Three million people died in the Vietnam War, including 58,000 Americans. • Communist -supported North defeated US-supported South

  10. Sputnik I (1957) The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!

  11. Berlin Wall (1961) • Divided the city into communist East Berlin and free (democratic) West Berlin • Historic symbol of Communism • Taken down in 1989

  12. Video Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro led a communist takeover of Cuba Feared U.S. b/c of close proximity Bay of Pigs Invasion - U.S. attempted to remove Castro U.S. trained Cuban refugees, failed due to U.S. not providing air support

  13. Bay of Pigs Debacle (1961)

  14. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • U.S. demanded Soviet nuclear missiles be removed from Cuba • Created a 13 day standoff between U.S. and U.S.S.R. • Closest the world has ever come to nuclear war

  15. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!

  16. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

  17. Conflicts of the Cold War • Nicaragua (1979) • Contra’s (U.S. Supported) vs. Sandinistas (Communist Supported) • Iran/ Contra Affair • Afghanistan (1979) • Soviet attempt to take over Afghanistan with communism & military • Defeated by Tribal Rebels (U.S. Supported) • El Salvador (1982) • Revolution between dictatorships and socialist backed guerillas. • U.S. supported military dictatorships

  18. Soviet Communismvs. Chinese Communism Link

  19. STOP

  20. Soviet Communism vs. Chinese Communism Political Systems and their characteristics: Theocracy – Government run by religious leaders Absolute Monarchy– Ruler w/ complete authority Democracy – Government in which the people hold the power Republic – Government where officials are chosen by the people Oligarchy – Government where the ruling power belongs to a few people Limited Monarchy– Government where a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power Totalitarianism – Government where a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives

  21. Factors that led to Communism in China Japanese Imperialism • extreme devastation of Chinese cities and the economy by the Japanese invasion during WW II • Bayonetting practice • Public executions • Live human dissections

  22. Japanese Aggression1931 - 1945

  23. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai

  24. The Japanese Invasion 1937

  25. Japanese Bayonet Practice

  26. Remains of Chinese Children Bayonetedby Japanese Soldiers

  27. Beheadings Took Place in Public!

  28. Chinese Prisoners Were Often Beheaded & Displayed

  29. UNIT 731: Live Human Dissections

  30. Factors that led to Communism in China Communist Revolution, 1946-1949 • A civil war between Mao Zedong’s Communist Red Army and Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) national forces at the end of WWII • Soviet Union supported the Red Army (Mao) • U.S. supported the Nationalist Army (Chain Kai-shek)

  31. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

  32. Factors that led to Communism in China • Mao defeated the nationalists in 1949 • Established a Communist government on the mainland • The Nationalist retreated to Taiwan • Communists took over Tibet in 1950

  33. The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

  34. Great Leap Forward, 1958 • 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry • Communes • groups of people who live & work together • property held in common • had production quotas • Failed due to poor quality of products & poor weather hurt agriculture

  35. Communist China Under Mao • Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society • Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place • Schools shut down & students revolted • Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

  36. Communism Comparisons Soviet: Chinese: Peasant Revolution Great Leap Forward Red Guards Agrarian Society • Proletariat (worker) Revolution • Five-Year Plan(s) • Great Purges • Industrialization

  37. Soviet vs. Chinese Contributing factor: Extreme devastation of cities and the economy by Japanese invasion during WWII Chinese

  38. Soviet vs. Chinese Contributing factor: inequality of the classes, famine, and devastation during WWI. Soviet

  39. Soviet vs. Chinese One-party totalitarian state Both

  40. Soviet vs. Chinese Civil War between Communists and Nationalist Both

  41. Soviet vs. Chinese Proletariat (worker) revolution Soviet

  42. Soviet vs. Chinese Communist government established in 1949 Chinese

  43. Soviet vs. Chinese Peasant revolution Chinese

  44. Soviet vs. Chinese Five-Year Plan Soviet

  45. Soviet vs. Chinese Great Leap Forward Chinese

  46. Soviet vs. Chinese Great Purges Soviet

  47. Soviet vs. Chinese Red Guards Chinese

  48. Soviet vs. Chinese Took over Tibet in 1950 Chinese

  49. Soviet vs. Chinese Collectivization: the pooling of resources to increase efficiency Both

  50. Soviet vs. Chinese Industrial Economy Soviet

More Related